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Network > Network Theory 1 > Flashcards

Network Theory 1 Flashcards

0
Q

List four network components

A

Device
Physical media
Network adapter
Network operating systems

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1
Q

A group of computers connected together to communicate and share resources is

A

A computer network

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2
Q

Types of network devices

A 
Computers
Printers
Servers
Fax machines
Switches 
Routers
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3
Q

Describe network physical media

A

Media that connects devices to a network and transmits data between devices. Such as Ethernet cable, fiber optic cable, coaxial cables, copper cable.

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4
Q

What is a network adapter

A

Hardware that translate data between the network and a device
Ex. NIC

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5
Q

What is a network operating system

A

Software that controls network traffic and access to common network resources.

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6
Q

Another name for a node

A

Workstation or client

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7
Q

What is a node

A

Any device that can connect to a network and generate, process or transfer data. Communicates with other devices through its address.

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8
Q

Two types of nodes

A

End points. Nodes that function as a source or destination for data transfer.

Redistribution points. Nodes that transfer data. Like switches or routers.

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9
Q

A very high speed transmission path that carries the majority of network data.

A

A network backbone

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10
Q

Back bone cabling connects these two devices on a network

A

Switches and routers connect.

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11
Q

Network back bones can connect either ______ or

______

A

Small networks into a larger structure or server nodes to a network.

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12
Q

Name the types of network backbones

A

Serial
Parallel
Collapsed
Distributed / Hierarchical

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13
Q

Consists of multiple switches connected by one backbone cable. Not scaled for enterprise wide use

A

Serial network backbone

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14
Q

Consists of multiple switches connected serially to hubs or router. Easily expanded without significant cost impact.

A

Distributed / hierarchical network backbone

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15
Q

Uses a router or switch as the nexus for several subnetworks. router or switch must have multi processors to bear frequently high level of network traffic.

A

Collapsed network backbone

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16
Q

Uses a central router or switch. Suits enterprise wide applications

A

Parallel network backbone

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17
Q

What is a server

A

A network computer that shares resources with and responds to requests from other devices on the network.

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18
Q

What do servers provide

A

Provide centralized access and storage for resources

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19
Q

A network computer they utilizes the resources of other network computers

A

A client

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20
Q

What does a client computer comprise of

A

Has its own processor, memory storage, and can maintain its own resources and perform its own processing

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21
Q

T/F any computer on the network can function as a client

A

True

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22
Q

Ocular and widely deployed operating system on client computers

A

Microsoft Windows 7

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23
Q

A self sufficient computer they acts as both a server and a client to other computers on a network

A

Peer computer

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24
Q

Peer computing most often used in….?

A

Most often used in smaller networks with no dedicated central server.

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25
Q

A powerful centralized computer system that performs data storage and processing tasks on behalf of clients and other network devices

A

A host computer

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26
Q

A specialized device in a host based network they transmits data entered by a user to a host for processing and displays the results

A

A terminal

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27
Q

What is a dumb terminal

A

Terminals with no processor or memory of their own just keyboard and monitor only

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28
Q

Names of network categories and coverage areas

A 
LAN local area network
WAN wide area network
MAN metropolis area network 
CAN campus area network
PAN personal area network
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29
Q

self contained network that spans a small area. All nodes are directly connected with cables or short range wireless devices.

A

LAN local area network

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30
Q

List LAN technologies

A

Ethernet. Most common
Token ring
Token bus
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface

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31
Q

Networks that span a large area. Often across multiple geographical locations

A

WAN

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32
Q

Two types of WANs

A

Private. Built by corporations

Public. The Internet

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33
Q

Network that connects two or three computers with cables and is most often seen in a SOHO

A

PAN

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34
Q

A variation of Personal Area Network that connects wireless devices but not through a WAP (wireless access point). Infrared and Bluetooth used to connect devices

A

WPAN

Wireless PAN

35
Q

Widely used for sending email, transferring files and carrying out online commercial transactions. Is the
Largest global WAN

A

The Internet

36
Q

ICANN stand for what and coordinates what in the Internet

A

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers.

Coordinates the assignments of unique identification in the Internet.

37
Q

ISOC Stands for and oversees what

A

Internet Society coordinates and oversees standards and practices for the Internet

38
Q

Private network that uses Internet protocols and services to share a company’s information with its employees. Contains information that is segregated from the Internet for confidentiality and security reasons.

A

The intranet

39
Q

What is an extranet

A

A private network that grants controlled access to users such as vendors, suppliers and clients outside of the network to access resources on the network.

40
Q

An enterprise network includes

A

Elements of both local and wide area networks

41
Q

Application layer

A

Enables applications to access a network and its resources

Packets called data

42
Q

Presentation layer

A

Translates data so it can be moved on the network

43
Q

Session layers

A

Establishes, maintains, and terminates connections between network devices.

44
Q

Transport layer

A

Ensures reliable data transmission by decreasing the packet size. Data referred to as segments

45
Q

Network layer

A

Addresses and delivers packets called datagrams across a network
Internet layer

46
Q

Datalink layer

A

Ensures reliable data transmission by error detection. Divides the data received from the network layer into frames that are capable of being transmitted by the physical layer

47
Q

Physical layer

A

Moves bits of data on and off the cabling media.

48
Q

Network model description

A

A design specification for how the nodes on a network are to interact and communicate.

49
Q

The three primary network models

A

Centralized / Hierarchical
Client / Server
Peer to peer

50
Q

What is a segment

A

A physical subdivision of a network that links devices or serves as a connection between two nodes

51
Q

A segment is bounded by

A

Switches and routers giving all nodes attached common access to that part of the network

52
Q

What is a centralized network

A

A computer network where a central host computer controls all network communication and performs data processing and storage on behalf of clients

53
Q

How do users on a centralized networks connect

A

Users connect to the host via dedicated terminals or terminal emulators

54
Q

A client / server network

A

A network in which servers provide resources to clients

55
Q

A peer to peer network

A

A network in which resource sharing, processing, and communications control are completely decentralized. Each individual workstation authenticates its users
Commonly referred to as a workgroup

56
Q

Describe a mixed mode network

A

A network that incorporates more than one of the three standard network models

57
Q

Examples of mixed mode networks

A

A client server network combined with a centralized mainframe or a workgroup created to share local resources within a client/server network

58
Q

Name the physical network topologies

A

Physical bus, physical star, physical ring, physical tree, physical mesh, and hybrid

59
Q

What is a topology

A

A network specification that determines the overall layout, signaling, and data flow patterns

60
Q

Topologies can be either of two things

A

Physical. The physical wiring layout or shape

Logical. The paths through which data moves.

61
Q

Point to point connections

A

A direct connection between two nodes on a network

62
Q

An example of point to point connections

A

Connecting one hosts NIC directly to another hosts NIC with a cat 5 crossover cable is an example of what

63
Q

Explain multi point connections

A

Connections between multiple nodes. Each connection had more than two end points. Signal transmission is not private. All devices that share the medium can detect the signal but do not receive it unless they are the recipient.

64
Q

Example of multi point connections

A

The most common way to physically connect s network. Physical bus & star networks are examples

65
Q

What are radiated connections and give an example

A

Also called a broadcast connection. Is a wireless point to point or multi point connection between devices. Ex. Wireless LAN, Infrared & wifi networks.

66
Q

Explain wi-if

A

Wireless radio communications following IEEE 892.11. Most common choice for ordinary wireless LAN connectivity. Doesn’t need line of sight to the access point.

67
Q

What is a physical bus topology

A

A network topology where the nodes are arranged in a linear format. Must install terminators at the ends of the cables to prevent signal loss from reflection

68
Q

What are some disadvantages of Bus topology

A

Unreliable. A break in the network cable cause the entire bus to fail
Cannot support multiple pairs of terminators at the same time
Transmits data slower because only two nodes vs. communicate at any time

69
Q

Explain the physical star topology

A

A network topology that uses a central connectivity device such as a switch to connect each node
Each node sends data to the switch and then forwards data to the appropriate destination node or passes it through to all attached nodes like a hub

70
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of star topologies

A

Reliable and easy to maintain
Single failed node does not bring down the whole network
If the central connectivity device (switch) fails the entire network fails

71
Q

Examples of star topologies

A

Common in client/server networks

A host based computing system are classic examples of

72
Q

Describe physical ring topologies

A

A network topology where each node is connected to the two nearest nodes. The upstream and downstream neighbors flow of data is unidirectional to avoid collisions
No central connecting device to control network traffic
Nodes in the network connect to form a circle
Each node handles all data packets that pass through it

73
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of physical ring topologies

A

Data moves in one direction through each node that scans data packets, accepts packets destined for it and forwards packets destined for another node.
Each node acts as a repeater and boosts the signal when it transmits the data packet. Potentially unreliable as the failure of a single node can bring down the entire network

74
Q

A variant of the ring topology is the dual ring topology which

A

Allows the use of two rings with each ring carrying data in opposite directions. Is faster as data can be sent through the shortest path between a sender and receiver. More reliable be excuse if breakage in ring it auto reconfigured to a single ring data flow. Reduces down time on the network

75
Q

Explain physical mesh topology

A

A network topology where each node is directly connected to every other node. Allows each node to communicate with multiple nodes at same time. No congestion and data travels very fast

76
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of mesh topology

A

No node can be isolated from the network making it extremely reliable.
Difficult to implement and maintain because of the number of connections increase exponentially with the number of nodes. Provides reliable communication between independent networks

77
Q

Explain the partial mesh topology

A

A variation on the mesh topology. Only a few nodes have direct links with other nodes
Commonly used in subnetworks of large networks where the number of users is low

78
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of partial mesh topology

A

Less complex

Less expensive and contains less redundancy then full mesh

79
Q

Describe the physical tree topology

A

A network topology where a central or root node is hierarchically connected to one or more second level nodes one level lower in the hierarchy. The root node has a point to point link with each d the second level nodes while each of the second level nodes is connected to one or more throw level nodes

80
Q

What is a hybrid topology

A

Any topology that exhibits the characteristics of more than one standard topology. Complex to maintain because of the wide range of technologies

81
Q

List three common hybrid topologies

A

Star-bus. Connects several star networks to a network backbone in a buss layout. Links central nodes of the star networks using a common bus

Star of stars. Connects the central nodes of two or more star networks with a new common node. Data transfer routed through the common node

Star-ring. Connects the central node of multiple star networks in a ring. The data flow between different subnetworks is through this ring

82
Q

Logical network topologies provide what information

A

Provides data transmission path between a sender and receiver and the different places in which this path converges or diverges

83
Q

Describe the logical bus topology

A

A network topology In which nodes receive the data transmitted all at the same time regardless Of the physical wiring layout of the network

84
Q

In a logical bus with a physical star topology

A

Nodes connect to a central switch and resemble a star. Data flows in a single continuous stream from sending node to all other nodes through the shared switch. Only one node can transmit data at a time

85
Q

The logical ring topology is

A

A network topology where each node receives data only from its upstream neighbor and retransmits data only to its downstream neighbors regardless of the physical layout of the network
A logical ring must be used with a physical ring topology like a star-ring

86
Q

The logical star topology

A

Less common than logical ring or bus. All nodes wired onto the same bus cable, a central device polls each node to check if it needs to transmit data. Central device also controls now long a node has access to the cable. A multiplexer or mux manages individual signals and enables them to share the media.

Network (15 decks)

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