walls Flashcards
what is masonry construction
Masonry consists of building structures by using components such as brick, concrete block, stone, usually in combination with mortar
What is Masonry used with mortar referred to
masonry trades
or wet trade
what is masonry with no mortar called
dry stacking
what is the difference between dressed stone(10), dry-pack stone(11) and Gabion(12)
dressed stone:A stone that has been worked to a desired shape; the faces to be exposed are smooth, usually ready for installation.
Dry pack is a more natural building method by which structures are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together it’s little more than a vertical stack of stones laid together slowly and carefully so they lock together under their own weight.
Gabion stone is a type of crushed stone, such as limestone, sourced from local stone quarries and used as filler for gabion boxes, baskets, and cages. This crushed stone comes in various sizes depending on its use. This is then put in a net to structure like a wall
size of a brick
222x 106 x 73
M=10
draw as 230 x 110 x 80 (85)
Facebrick (13)
abr and tech
FBA / FBS / FBX
no plaster required
low maintenence
Non- Facebrick (14)
abr./ tech
NFP / stock brick
not as hard as facebrick and more prone to water absorption
strecher bond (15)
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
layer of bricks
2nd layer overlaps ( streches) half a brick
most common
not particularly strong
A variation is the
raking stretcher
bond. The overlap
between bricks is
usually a third or a
quarter of a brick,
instead of half a
brickEnglish bond (16)
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ llll llll llll llll llll llll • The joins between the stretchers are centred on the headers in the course below. • This is one of the strongest bonds but requires more facing bricks than other bonds
English Garden wall(17)
llll llll llll llll \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ This is similar to the English bond but with one course of headers for every three courses of stretcher. • The headers are centred on the headers in course below. • This gives quick lateral spread of load and uses fewer facings than an English bond.
English Cross bond (18)
llll llll llll llll \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ This alternates courses of stretchers and headers, with the alternating stretcher course being offset by half a brick. • Alternating stretcher courses are aligned. • Staggering stretchers enables patterns to be picked out in different texture or coloured bricks
Flemish bond (19)
llll \_\_\_\_ llll \_\_\_ llll \_\_\_ This is formed by laying headers and stretchers alternately in each course. • The headers of each course are centred on the stretchers of the course below. • This bond is strong and often used for walls which are two bricks thick.
Header bond(20)
llll llll llll llll
llll llll llll llll
This bond features
courses of headers
offset by half a
brick.
• It is similar to the
stretcher bond but
with headers instead
of stretchersWhat is the risk of having too much or too strong mortar
increases the risk
for shrinkage cracking.
influence on the
appearance
*prevent cracking of walls, are ‘control’ or ‘movement’ joints – these occur between two different types of materials.
what is the difference between a solid and a cavity wall
solid: double brick wall with no gap. this increases heat loss
cavity: two parallel single brick walls with a 50-80 gap in between. this decreases heat loss
