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D&T3 Exam 2 > Walden > Flashcards

Walden Flashcards

1
Q

Naegleria

Causes what condition

How is it contracted

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Swimming, diving in warm, stagnant fresh water ponds (hot tubs, pools)

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2
Q

Naegleria

How do they enter body

A

Invade Nasal mucosa, pass through cribiform plate to olfactory nerve to brain and meninges

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3
Q

Naegleria

Sx

A

Severe frontal headache

Change in sense of smell or taste

Neck rigidity

Somnolence

Loss of balance

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4
Q

Naegleria

Progression of disease

A

Coma and die within 3 to 7 days

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5
Q

Naegleria

Diagnosis

A

Microscopic: fresh, wet mount prep of CSF=>motile amoebae

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6
Q

Acanthamoeba

Causes what disease

A

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE)

Chronic amebic keratitis

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7
Q

Acanthamoeba

How does infection spread

A

Hematogenous spread from skin lesion or through eyes. Maybe inhalation

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8
Q

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis

Association

A

Soft contact lenses

Corneal trauma

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9
Q

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis

Sx

A

Ocular pain and corneal lesions

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10
Q

Acanthamoeba

Keratitis: treatable

GAE: fatal

A

Asdf

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11
Q

Balamuthia

Prognosis

A

100% with encephalitis die

Miltefosine is drug

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12
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Caused by

A

Filariasis nematode, onchocerca volvulus

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13
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Found where?

A

Africa, Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil

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14
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Transmitted by what?

A

Simulium flies (black fly)

Breed
In rapidly flowing streams
Dams, ferry crossings

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15
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

How infection occurs

A

Bite of female black fly

Larvae develop into adult worms coiled up in bundles (after a few months)

Creates nodules

Release microfilariae which disseminate (eye)

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16
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Sx

A

Inching (lizard skin)

Lymphadenitis (hanging groin)

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17
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Diagnosis

A

Microfilariae in skin snips (known as tenting)

Adult worms in nodules

Microfilaria in eye exam

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18
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Mazzotti teset

A

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) induces intense itching in patients with parasite

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19
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Tx

A

Surgically excising nodules

Ivermectin

20
Q

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

Cornea inflammation

A

Actually due to wolbachia bacteria

21
Q

Filariasis

Endemic to

A

Latin America, Africa, Asia, pacific islands

22
Q

Filariasis

Transmission

A

Infected mosquitoes bite and transmit

Migrate through lymphatics and trapped in lymph nodes

23
Q

Filariasis

Types

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

24
Q

Filariasis

Immunologic reactions to worms cause…

A

Enlargement of legs, arms, genitalia and breasts

25
Q

Filariasis

Mansonellosis

A

Symptomless

26
Q

Filariasis

Sx

A

Req prolonged exposure

Inflammatory early symptoms then obstructive

Obstructive: tremendous enlargment of lymph glands

Chyluria: lymph fluid and emulsified fat in urine. (Ruptured lymphatics)

27
Q

Filariasis

Diagnosis

A

Microfilariae in blood (look at night)

Mazzotti test (DEC)

28
Q

Filariasis

Wuchereria bancrofti characteristic sign

A

Filariasis dance sign

29
Q

Filariasis

Tx

A

Diethylcarbamazine

Don’t use DEC in pts with onchocerciasis co infection

30
Q

Filariasis

Prevention

A

Sleeping under permethrin nets and deet

31
Q

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa)

Distribution

A

Chrysops flies in Africa (Congo)

32
Q

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa)

Sx

A

Transient swellings, painful, intense itching (CALABAR SWELLINGS)

Adult worm crossing eye can cause pain/conjunctivitis

Encephalitis/seizures

33
Q

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa)

Dx

A

Transient calabar swelling (Africa)

Eye sx

Microfilariae in peripheral blood during daytime!

See eosinophilia

34
Q

Loiasis (eyeworm disease of Africa)

Tx

A

Surgical removal of worms from skin around eye

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

35
Q

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection)

Cool fact

A

Longest nematode

100 cm

36
Q

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection)

Route of infection

A

Ingestion of drinking water containing infected intermediate host, small crustacean copepods (cyclops)

Step wells

37
Q

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection)

Distribution

A

Africa (Sudan)

Guinea-worm

38
Q

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection)

Life cycle

A

Drinking water from step wells infested with crustaceans which are infected with dracunculus larvae

Larvae penetrate intestine and migrate through subq tissues (legs). Female induces blister. Ruptures when hits water

39
Q

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection)

Sx

A

Blister formation with redness, burning, and itching

Cellulitis, septicemia

40
Q

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection)

Dx

A

Seeing emerging worm protruding through skin of lower leg

Dead, calcified worms on x ray

41
Q

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm infection)

Tx

A

Roll on stick over several weeks

42
Q

Toxoplasmosis

Host

A

Cats

43
Q

Toxoplasmosis

Acquisition

A

Undercooked meat with cysts

Ingestion of parasite oocysts from recalls contaminated hands or food

Transfusion or transplant

Transplacental

44
Q

Toxoplasmosis

Ocular

A

Retinochoroiditis (inflammation of retina and choroid coat)

45
Q

Toxoplasmosis

What causes acute and latent disease

A

Tachyzoite: replication causes acute

Bradyzoite: cysts cause latency and reactivation

46
Q

Toxoplasmosis

Aids

A

Intracerebral mass lesions (reactivation)

D&T3 Exam 2 (4 decks)

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