Wake Turbulence Avoidance

Question 1

When does an aircraft create wake turbulence?

a) Any time its airfoils generate lift.

b) As soon as N1 reaches 53%.

c) As soon as you pull pitch.

Answer 1

A) Any time its airfoils generate lift.

Question 2

Where would you find specific information relating to wake turbulence?

a) Google.

b) The Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM).

c) FAA Advisory Circular AC 90-23G.

Answer 2

C) FAA Advisory Circular AC 90-23G.

Question 3

Which way does wake turbulence flow from an aircraft in flight?

a) Downward and outward from the aircraft.

b) Up and over the main rotor and then through the tail rotor.

c) Both are correct.

Answer 3

A) Downward and outward from the aircraft.

Question 4

If an airplane just departed a runway in front of you, where would you plan to land or depart from?

a) Somewhere prior to the point where the airplane rotated.

b) Somewhere after the point where the airplane rotated.

c) Wait 5 minutes for the wake to dissipate.

Answer 4

A) Somewhere prior to the point where the airplane rotated.

Question 5

Does aircraft weight have any impact on vortices strength?

a) No.

b) Yes; the heavier the aircraft, the stronger the vortices.

c) Depends on the air density at your destination.

Answer 5

B) Yes; the heavier the aircraft, the stronger the vortices.

Question 6

What is the best way to avoid wake turbulence in flight?

a) Remain above the flight path of the other aircraft.

b) Duck under the turbulence.

c) Ask for vectors around it.

Answer 6

A) Remain above the flight path of the other aircraft.

Question 7

To avoid the wingtip vortices of a departing jet airplane during takeoff, the pilot should

a) climb above and stay upwind of the jet airplane’s flightpath.

b) remain below the flightpath of the jet airplane.

c) lift off at a point well past the jet airplane’s flightpath.

Answer 7

A) climb above and stay upwind of the jet airplane’s flightpath.

Question 8

Which flight conditions of a large jet airplane create the most severe flight hazard by generating wingtip vortices of the greatest strength?

a) Heavy, slow, gear and flaps up.

b) Heavy, fast, gear and flaps down.

c) Heavy, slow, gear and flaps down.

Answer 8

A) Heavy, slow, gear and flaps up

Question 9

What effect would a light crosswind have on the wingtip vortices generated by a large airplane that has just taken off?

a) The downwind vortex will tend to remain on the runway longer that the upwind vortex.

b) The upwind vortex will tend to remain on the runway longer than the downwind vortex.

c) A crosswind will rapidly dissipate the strength of both vortices.

Answer 9

B) The upwind vortex will tend to remain on the runway longer than the downwind vortex.

Question 10

What wind condition prolongs the hazards of wake turbulence on a landing runway for the longest period of time?

a) Light quartering tailwind.

b) Direct tailwind.

c) Light quartering headwind.

Answer 10

A) Light quartering tailwind.

Question 11

How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?

a) Counterclockwise when viewed from behind the aircraft.

b) Outward, upward, and around the wingtip.

c) Inward, upward, and around the wingtip.

Answer 11

B) Outward, upward, and around the wingtip.

Question 12

Hazardous vortex turbulence that might be encountered behind large aircraft is created only when that aircraft is

a) using high power settings.

b) developing lift.

c) operating at high speeds.

Answer 12

B) developing lift.

Question 13

During a takeoff made behind a departing large jet airplane, the pilot can minimize the hazard of wingtip vortices by

a) being airborne prior to reaching the jet’s flightpath until able to turn clear of its wake.

b) remaining below the jet’s flightpath until able to turn clear of its wake.

c) extending the takeoff roll and not rotating until way beyond the jet’s rotation point.

Answer 13

A) being airborne prior to reaching the jet’s flightpath until able to turn clear of its wake.

Question 14

Which is true with respect to vortex circulation in the wake turbulence generated by an aircraft?

a) The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.

b) When vortex circulation sinks into ground effect, it tends to dissipate rapidly and offer little danger.

c) Helicopters generate downwash turbulence only, not vortex circulation.

Answer 14

A) The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.

Question 15

What procedures should you follow to avoid wake turbulence if a large jet crosses your course from left to right approximately 1 mile ahead and at your altitude?

a) Make sure you are slightly below the path of the jet and perpendicular to the course.

b) Slow your airspeed to VA and maintain altitude and course.

c) Make sure you are slightly above the path of the jet.

Answer 15

C) Make sure you are slightly above the path of the jet.

Question 16

Wingtip vortices created by a large aircraft tend to

a) sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.

b) rise into the traffic pattern.

c) rise into the takeoff or landing path of a crossing runway.

Answer 16

A) sink below the aircraft generating turbulence.

Question 17

The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is

a) light, dirty, and fast.

b) heavy, dirty, and fast.

c) heavy, clean, and slow.

Answer 17

C) heavy, clean, and slow.

Question 18

Choose the correct statement regarding wake turbulence.

a) Vortex generation begins with the initiation of the takeoff roll.

b) The primary hazard is loss of control because of induced roll.

c) The greatest vortex strength is produced when the generating airplane is heavy, clean, and fast.

Answer 18

B) The primary hazard is loss of control because of induced roll.

Question 19

During a takeoff made behind a departing large jet airplane, the pilot can minimize the hazard of wingtip vortices by.

a) being airborne prior to reaching the jet’s flightpath until able to turn clear of its wake.

b) maintaining extra speed on takeoff and climbout.

c) extending the takeoff roll and not rotating until well beyond the jet’s rotation point.

Answer 19

A) being airborne prior to reaching the jet’s flightpath until able to turn clear of its wake.

Question 20

To avoid possible wake turbulence from a large jet aircraft that has just landed prior to your takeoff, at which point on the runway should you plan to become airborne?

a) Past the point where the jet touched down.

b) At the point where the jet touched down, or just prior to this point.

c) Approximately 500 feet prior to the point where the jet touched down.

Answer 20

A) Past the point where the jet touched down.

Question 21

When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?

a) Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.

b) Stay below and to one side of its final approach flightpath.

c) Stay well below its final approach flightpath and land at least 2,000 feet behind.

Answer 21

A) Stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown.

Question 22

With respect to cortex circulation, which is true?

a) Helicopters generate downwash turbulence, not vortex circulation.

b) The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is flying fast.

c) Vortex circulation generated by helicopters in forward flight trail behind in a manner similar to wingtip vortices generated by airplanes.

Answer 22

C) Vortex circulation generated by helicopters in forward flight trail behind in a manner similar to wingtip vortices generated by airplanes.

Question 23

Which is true with respect to vortex circulation?

a) Helicopters generate downwash turbulence only, not vortex circulation.

b) The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.

c) When vortex circulation sinks into ground effect, it ends to dissipate rapidly and offer little danger.

Answer 23

B) The vortex strength is greatest when the generating aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow.