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MS II > WAD > Flashcards

WAD Flashcards

1
Q

Sudden hyperextension followed by hyperflexion of the neck describes

A

whiplash

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2
Q

Lack of info labeling

A

diagnosis
injury
prognosis
treatment

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3
Q

definition of whiplash

A

Acceleration-deceleration mechanism of energy transfer to the neck

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4
Q

Whiplash impacts result in what type of injury?

A

bony of soft tissue injuries

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5
Q

Who is a typical patient with WAD?

A

middle aged

women

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6
Q

(women/men) have increased head and neck mass and slower recovery time from whiplash injury

A

women

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7
Q

What symptoms are present with WAD?

A 
neck pain/stiffness
headache
shoulder pain
back pain 
focus
concentration
memory
blurred vision
dizziness
sleep disturbance 
fatigue
depression 
buzzing in the ears
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8
Q

There is a link between chronicity and litigation/compensation claims (true/false)

A

false

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9
Q

What is the biggest indicator of chronicity in WAD?

a. compensation claims
b. impact of MVA
c. nerve damage
d. amount and severity of acute pain

A

amount and severity of acute pain

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10
Q

The direction of the hit from an MVA matters to injury (true/false)

A

false

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11
Q

What type of injury is the worst in terms of damage?

A

extension

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12
Q

What forces occur with hyperextension injury?

A 
extension
posterior shear
posterior compression
anterior distraction
traction 
torsion if hit off center
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13
Q

Speed is relevant to injury (true/false)

A

false

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14
Q

Intra-discal pressure (increases/decreases) with flexion

A

increases

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15
Q

intra-discal pressure (increases/decreases) with extension

A

decreases

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16
Q

(higher/lower) inter-vertebral disc pressure in C-spine compared to t-spine

A

higher

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17
Q

Which muscle is the most at risk with extension during a whiplash?

a. rectus capitis posterior minor
b. scalenes
c. longus coli
d. longus capitus

A

longus coli

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18
Q

Which muscle is the most at risk with lateral impact?

a. rectus capitis posterior minor
b. scalenes
c. longus coli
d. longus capitus

A

longus capitus

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19
Q

_ is delayed in muscle contraction in response to sudden movement of head and neck

A

reaction time

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of VAI?

A

5 Ds
A
3 Ns

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21
Q

Which muscles are commonly injured?

a. anterior
b. posterior
c. lateral
d. back muscles

A

posterior

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22
Q

WAD patients do not have trigger points (true/false)

A

false

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23
Q

Trigger points in WAD patients are due to

A

damaged tissue

not the originator of pain

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24
Q

Trigger points are _

A

latent

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25
Q

a forward head effects improvement in WAD (true/false)

A

true

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26
Q

Neural injury with WAD can cause

A

injury to brain
spinal cord
nerve roots

27
Q

What neural injury can happen with WAD?

A

DRG refractory period and not fire for 2 weeks following MVC

28
Q

This is defined as the DRG not firing for 2 weeks after the injury and suddenly being flared up

A

refractory period

29
Q

What injury can occur soon after the crash?

A

central sensitization

30
Q

Anxiety disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to one or more traumatic events, such as major stress, sexual assault, warefare, or other threats on a persons life describes

A

PTSD

31
Q

What symptoms are indicative of PTSD?

A

disturbing recurring flashbacks
avoidance or numbing of memories of the event
hyperarousal
symptoms not present before exposure to event
inability to sleep

32
Q

symptoms of _ may result in an overactive adrenaline response

A

PTSD

33
Q

Which ligaments can be torn or injured with WAD?

a. longitudinal ligament
b. alar and transverse ligament
c. ALL
d. PLL

A

alar and transverse ligament

34
Q

A patient has a stiff, rigid neck and multi level symptoms, which type of injury potentially resulted from WAD?

a. facet joint injury
b. disc lesion
c. ligament injury
d. muscle tear

A

disc lesion

35
Q

Rim lesion includes

A 
annulus tearing off the VB 
anterior > posterior 
bleeding from VB and ALL 
hemarthroses
stiff, rigid neck
multi-level symptoms
36
Q

Which area of the c-spine is unstable?

A

occiput/atlas/axis

37
Q

scalenes refer to what area

a. shoulder blades
b. front of neck
c. occiput
d. around eye and back of ear

A

around eye and back of ear

38
Q

What can a headache from WAD be caused by?

A 
facet joints
atlanto-occipital joints and ligaments
ligaments of c-spine
annulus of IVD
periosteum of the VB
cervical muscles
39
Q

Which tissues are primarily damaged with WAD?

a. muscles and facet joints
b. disc, facet joint, neural tissue
c. muscles and ligaments
d. facets and neural tissue

A

disc, facet joint, neural tissue

40
Q

Which tissues are secondary damage with WAD?

a. muscles and facet joints
b. disc, facet joint, neural tissue
c. muscles and ligaments
d. facets and neural tissue

A

muscle and ligament

41
Q

What treatment is the most effective for WAD short term?

a. manipulation and collars
b. traction and exericse
c. collars and rest
d. manip/mobs, and active exercise

A

manip/mobs, and active exercise

42
Q

Collars help neurobehavioral issues with WAD (true/false)

A

false

43
Q

There is evidence that rest improves neurobehavioral component of WAD (true/false)

A

false

44
Q

Spinal manipulation gives a _ effect

A

placebo

45
Q

What is the most powerful treatment for addressing neurobehavioral component?

a. rest and spinal mobs
b. exercise, advice and info
c. posture and education
d. spinal manip and rest

A

exercise, advice and info

46
Q

What is the purpose in doing a short period of no therapy?

A

allow tissue to heal with inflammatory process to slow down

47
Q

Patients should wean use of collar based on

a. pain
b. psychological fear
c. disability
d. time or function

A

time or function dependent

48
Q

Patients should engage in frequent _

A

movement

49
Q

What position is the most beneficial for exercise?

a. prone
b. supine
c. sidelying
d. seated

A

supine

50
Q

symptom exam cluster for tissue issues

A

proportionate pain
aggs/eases
intermittent sharp, dull ache or throb at rest
no night pain, dysesthesia, burning, shooting or electric

51
Q

Patients injured in stressful environments are _

A

adreno-sensitive

52
Q

Abnormal nociceptive processing occurs

a. immediately, < 7 days
b. after 3 months
c. after 2 weeks
d. when it becomes chronic

A

<7 days

53
Q

What predicts chronic whiplash?

A

abnormal nociceptive processing

54
Q

What changes are seen in ROM?

A

less ROM

55
Q

How does a slump test change symptoms?

A

increase intensity of cervical symptoms

56
Q

Peripheral neurogenic symptom cluster

A

pain in dermatomal or cutaneous distribution
positive neurodynamic and palpation
history of nerve pathology or compromise

57
Q

Pain in dermatomal or cutaneous distribution, positive neurodynamic and palpation
history of nerve pathology or compromise shows
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neurogenic
c. nociceptive

A

peripheral neurogenic

58
Q 
Proportionate pain, aggs/eases
intermittent sharp, dull ache or throb at rest, no night pain, dysesthesia, burning, shooting or electric suggest 
a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neurogenic
c. nociceptive
A

nociceptive

59
Q

Patients show sensitivity to _ and _ _

A

adrenaline

mechancial pressure

60
Q

symptom and sign cluster for central sensitization

A

disproportionate pain
diffuse palpation tenderness
psychosocial issues
disproportionate aggs/eases

61
Q

disproportionate pain, diffuse palpation tenderness, psychosocial issues, disproportionate aggs/eases suggest

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neurogenic
c. nociceptive

A

central sensitization

62
Q

central sensitization affects

A

pain experience
smudging
left/right discrimination

63
Q

Patients experience

a. central sensitization
b. peripheral neurogenic
c. nociceptive
d. all of the above

A

ALL

64
Q

Anterior > posterior lesion, bleeding from VB and ALL, stiff and rigid neck, multi level symptoms and hemathroses suggest which type of injury occurred with WAD

a. VA
b. neural
c. ligament
d. disc

A

disc

MS II (17 decks)

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