Hip and Pelvis Bony Flashcards
This type of treatment option is use of intramedullary rod, pins, prosthesis, or a fixed sliding plate, screws, wires
a. ORIF
b. arthroplasty
c. hemiarthroplasty
d. bucks traction
ORIF
This type of treatment option uses prosthetic device for fracture of the femoral neck or head
a. ORIF
b. arthroplasty
c. hemiarthroplasty
d. bucks traction
arthroplasty
This type of treatment option is only the prosthetic femoral head is implanted
a. ORIF
b. arthroplasty
c. hemiarthroplasty
d. bucks traction
hemiarthroplasty
Bucks traction or skeletal traction is followed by use of cast brace can be described as
a. ORIF
b. arthroplasty
c. hemiarthroplasty
d. non surgical
non surgical
How long does it take for a fracture to heal for an upper limb adult?
a. 8-12 weeks
b. 12-16 weeks
c. 3-4 weeks
d. 6-8 weeks
8-12 weeks
How long does it take for a fracture to heal for a lower limb adult?
a. 8-12 weeks
b. 12-16 weeks
c. 3-4 weeks
d. 6-8 weeks
12-16 weeks
How long does it take for a fracture in the upper limb of a child to heal?
a. 8-12 weeks
b. 12-16 weeks
c. 3-4 weeks
d. 6-8 weeks
3-4 weeks
How long does it take for a fracture of the lower limb in a child to heal?
a. 8-12 weeks
b. 12-16 weeks
c. 3-4 weeks
d. 6-8 weeks
6-8 weeks
What factors affect fracture healing?
tissue response
the patient
method of treatment
_ fixation uses pins, screws, rods, plates and or/prosthesis to immobilize the fracture during healing
a. internal fixation
b. external fixation
internal fixation
several small holes are drilled into the bone and metal pins are inserted through or into the bone
a. internal fixation
b. external fixation
external fixation
Which type of fixation allows for early ambulation and exercise of the affected body part while relieving pain?
a. arthroplasty
b. internal fixation
c. external fixation
external fixation
Which type of fixation is at risk for pin-tract infection that can lead to osteomyelitis?
a. arthroplasty
b. internal fixation
c. external fixation
external fixation
What is the mechanism of injury of pelvic fractures?
compression, high speed collision, fall, direct blow
What are the most common injury sites for a pelvis fracture?
a. the ilium
b. anterior pubis and anterior ischium
c. posterior pubis and posterior ischium
d. lateral pubis and lateral ischium
anterior pubis and anterior ischium
What are associated risks with a pelvis fracture?
damage to overlying blood vessels and adjacent organs resulting in peritonitis, sepsis, infection, hemorrhage, shock
List possible sequela from pelvic fractures
rupture of major arteries neurological damage sacroiliac injury or pain hip joint disruption damage to GI structures
what major artery is at risk of injury with a pelvic fracture?
a. obturator artery
b. brachial artery
c. femoral artery
d. gluteus artery
femoral artery
During immobilization, motion is allowed depending upon the stability of the fracture (true/false)
true
Femoral neck fracture prognosis depends on
location displacement reduction stability if it requires fixation
A proximal femur fracture MOI is
a. trauma to the anterior side
b. trauma posteriorly
c. direct lateral impact
d. direct impact on the femur
direct lateral impact
What are the most common injury sites for a proximal femur fracture?
neck
intertrochanteric
subtrochanteric
What are the associated risks of a proximal femur fracture
a. nerve damage
b. soft tissue damage
c. hemorrhage
d. b and c
soft tissue damage
hemorrhage
Fractures in the neck are usually due to
a. trauma
b. collision
c. congenital defects
d. decreased bone mineral density
decreased bone mineral density
Femur neck fractures are commonly found in
a. kids
b. athletes
c. elderly
d. adults
elderly
Blood supply is not compromised with a neck fracture (true/false)
false
the fracture is intracapsular
What treatment is common for a neck fracture?
a. THR or internal fixation
b. external fixation
c. immobilization
d. therapy
THR or internal fixation
How are subcaptial fractrues treated?
internal fixation, screw and side plate or hemiarthroplasty
Subcapital fractures are common in what population
a. children
b. athletes
c. elderly
d. any age
elderly
How are intertrochanteric fractures treated?
a. external fixation
b. hemiarthroplasty
c. arthroplasty
d. screw fixation device
screw fixation device
Subtrochanteric fractures are common in what population
a. elderly
b. young
c. adults
d. athletes
young
Femoral shaft fractures are common in what population
a. elderly
b. children
c. all age groups
d. adults
all age groups
Which type of fracture involves significant trauma?
a. subtrochnateric fractures
b. intertrochanteric fractures
c. subcaptial fractures
d. femur fractures
femur fractures
Which type of fracture presents with immediate loss of function, pain, and deformity?
a. subtrochnateric fractures
b. intertrochanteric fractures
c. subcaptial fractures
d. femur fractures
femur fractures
Avascular Necrosis, infection, arthritis, dislocation, coxa vara/valga are potential complications with
a. hemiarthroplasty
b. arthroplasty
c. ORIF
d. external fixation
ORIF
A fracture of some component of the acetabulum occurs as the hip dislocates (true/false)
true
How do you treat a fracture-dislocation?
reduction of the fracture with traction and rest for 12 weeks
Patients with a fracture dislocation are not prone to re-dislocation (true/false)
false
What is the most common direction of hip dislocation associated with an acetabular fracture?
a. anterior
b. medial
c. lateral
d. posterior
posterior
Compression trauma or rotational trauma is most commonly the MOI for what type of injury?
a. femur fractures
b. intertrochanteric fractures
c. fracture dislocation
d. hip dislocation
fracture dislocation
This type of injury is a blunt force to bent knee when the hip is flexed
a. compression trauma
b. rotational trauma
c. fall from a high surface
d. MVA
compression trauma
This type of injury is a severe internal rotation of thigh with the hip partially flexed
a. compression trauma
b. rotational trauma
c. fall from a high surface
d. MVA
rotational trauma
List the associated risks with fracture dislocation
damage to the sciatic nerve
compromise of blood supply to head of femur
How is the hip dislocated?
a. the neck moves away from the head of the femur
b. the acetabulum separates from the femoral head
c. the shaft pulls the head out of the acetabulum
d. the femoral head moves out of the acetabulum
the femoral head moves out of the acetabulum
What position is the hip most commonly dislocated in?
a. extension, adduction and internal rotation
b. flexion, abduction and internal rotation
c. flexion, adduction and internal rotation
d. extension, abduction and external rotation
flexion, adduction and internal rotation
If a patients presents with extreme pain, obvious deformity and are unwilling to move the extremity they most likely
a. fractured their acetabulum
b. fractured the femur
c. dislocated their hip
d. fractured and dislocated their hip
dislocated their hip
Immobilization for hip dislocation is usually
a. 2-3 weeks
b. 3-4 weeks
c. 4-6 weeks
d. 5-7 weeks
4-6 weeks
This type of complication follows hip dislocation, fracture and chronic synovitis
avascular necrosis
What are the most common sites for stress fracture?
a. neck of the femur
b. head and neck
c. acetabulum
d. femoral shaft and neck
femoral shaft and neck
This type of pathology is idiopathic and is described as the femoral head slipping posteriorly and inferiorly
a. legg-calve-perthes disease (LCPD)
b. slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
c. femoral fracture
d. hip dislocation
slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
A young child has pain in the groin area, loss of IR, flexion and abduction, pain with AROM/PROM, they most likely have
a. legg-calve-perthes disease (LCPD)
b. slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
c. femoral fracture
d. hip dislocation
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
SCFE is a problem with
the epiphysis plate
In what direction does the femoral head slip in SCFE?
a. posteriorly and superiorly
b. posteriorly and inferiorly
c. anteriorly and inferiorly
d. anteriorly and superiorly
posteriorly and inferiorly
This is defined as avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis and is a chronic condition that develops slowly in children
a. legg-calve-perthes disease (LCPD)
b. slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
c. femoral fracture
d. hip dislocation
LCPD
LCPD is more common in girls (true/false)
false
boys
A young patient shows signs of pain in the hip or groin that radiates to the knee, limps, has decreased ROM and possible hip flexor tightness. They might have
a. legg-calve-perthes disease (LCPD)
b. slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
c. femoral fracture
d. hip dislocation
LCPD
What are treatment options for LCPD?
rest/activity modification
casting or bracing
surgery
PT to strengthen hip and maintain ROM
This is described as progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage and overgrowth of periarticular bone
degenerative joint disease
Degenerative hip changes develop _ to repetitive _, _, or _ injury
secondary
trauma
age
acute injury
_ DJD is secondary to aging
primary (idiopathic)
_ DJD is a result of congenital abnormalities that alter biomechanics
secondary (traumatic)
signs and symptoms of OA
anterior groin pain
radiation of pain into L1 and L2 dermatome
stiffness after prolonged rest
decreased ROM in extension, IR and loss of end range flexion
antalgic gait and pain with ADLs
OA of the hip will show decreased ROM in (3)
extension, IR, loss of end range flexion
The clinical prediction rule for OA
self-reported squatting as an aggravating factor
active hip flexion causing lateral hip pain
scour test with adduction causing lateral hip or groin pain
active hip ext causing hip pain
passive IR of less than or equal to 25 degrees
Deterioration of the hip joint cartilage is defined as
a. osteoarthritis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. traumatic arthritis
d. non-union
osteoarthritis
inflammation in the lining of the hip joint is defined as
a. osteoarthritis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. traumatic arthritis
d. non-union
rheumatoid arthritis
arthritis resulting from physical injury to the hip joint is defined as
a. osteoarthritis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. traumatic arthritis
d. non-union
traumatic arthritis
What are the indications for THA?
osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis traumatic arthritis non-union AVN other problems - congenital hip dysplasia or SCFE
