w9 - Personality Processes and Dynamics Flashcards
The Big Five is an example of a …
Trait taxonomy
What is a key strength of a HEXACO taxonomy?
Seems more robust than the B5 across a broader range of language groups
Which factors of the B5 have been reconfigured in HEXACO ?
Neuroticism and Agreeableness
The B5 provides a parsimonious and comprehensive taxonomy and discription.
True or False ?
False.
B5 is relatively parsimonious and relatively comprehensive
Where can we find more precision in the B5. ?
Lower order traits
What is the bandwidth-fidelity trade-off?
The broader the trait the more parsimonious they are. But this is at the expense of fidelity and comprehensiveness
and vise-versa
What are dispositional traits ?
Broad descriptions of stable patterns of behaviour and experience
2 ways of understanding the word ‘trait’ ?
- Traits are the cause of our behaviour (an input)
- Traits are behaviour / experience itself (output)
How do latent variable models see traits ?
As inputs
criticism of traits as inputs
We measure traits by asking people to describe their behaviour and experience
What is the problem?
This means it is viewing traits as an input and a cause
poor fit with operational definitions
What is the tautological trap of decribing traits as inputs
if a trait is a pattern of behaviour and experience. How can it also be the cause of those patterns
Traits as ‘outputs’
What is the Distribution Density Hypothesis ?
Personaility traits reflect the ‘density’ (central tendency, eg. mean) of distribution of state expressions
If someone is high on one factor, what are we saying?
There central tendency is higher, more dense. Ultimately more time is spent in associated states
Which model considers traits as emergent coherences between networks of affect, behaviour, and cognition?
Dynamic network model
Lanent views traits as causes
Dynamic models
What is used to describe the stable patterns in our personality, when there is no underlying cause?
Network equilibrium
Maintained by interdependencies within the network
What is one underlying cause of personality stability ?
Genes.
Density distribution hypothesis
Traits are …
Summaries of stable patterns of behaviour and experience
List two methods of summarising traits ?
- Content Analysis : asked participants to rate how relevent each item was to a trait
- Analyses of personality judgments
Name way finding that supports personality traits through an analyese of personaility judgments
The high correlation between our different people perceive a individual other
Imperfect correlation
Which trait is generally more agreed when ones peers reports on an individuals pesonality
Extraversion.
What is a self-other agreement ?
The correlation between how the self rated their personality, and the judges rated their personality
What is likely to increase the self-other agreement ?
The amount of information presented to a judge.
The self-other agreement should not be synonomous with … ?
Accuracy.
One factor affecting trait visibility, is whether it is highly visible? What trait is highly visible?
Extraversion. Lots of outward and obvious displays of this trait
can register from a photograph shown for 50-ms !
apart from visibility features of a trait
What else affects trait visibility?
Context.
Trait-relevent information affects … ?
Visibility.
Both context and specific trait factors.
What traits do strangers generally utilise valid cues for ?
E, A, and C
openess is not correlated
Drawing wrong inferences on valid cues
What trait is there a strong divergence for?
N
