W7 - Shoulder Muscles & Rotator Cuffs

Question 1

Name proximal and distal attachment site for the pectoralis major muscle

Answer 1

Proximal
Clavicular head : anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
Sternocostal head : anterior surface, 1-7 ribs, sternal end 6th rib, aponeurosis of external oblique

Distal
lateral lip of the bicipital groove

Question 2

What action does the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle do?

Answer 2

Flexion at the shoulder

Question 3

What movement does the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle do?

Answer 3

Extension of the shoulder from a flexed position

Question 4

What movement do both the clavicular and sternocostal heads of the pectoralis major do together?

Answer 4

Adduction and medial rotation

Question 5

What nerve applies the pectoral is major muscle?

Answer 5

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-8, T1

Question 6

How would you palpate the pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 6

Resist shoulder extension from a 60° flexion starting point
Resist adduction from an abducted started position
Anterior axilla then over the chest wall

Question 7

The proximal and distal attachment sites for the latissimus Dorsi muscle of the shoulder

Answer 7

Proximal
- thoracolumbar fascia
- T7-12
- spinous processes lumbar/sacral vertebrae
- related spinous ligaments
- iliac crest
- lower 3-4 ribs

Distal
Middle (floor) of the bicipital groove

Question 8

Name the nerve that supplies the LATISSIMUS DORSI muscle of the shoulder

Answer 8

Thoracodorsal nerve C6-8

Question 9

What movements does the LATISSIMUS DORSI muscle of the shoulder do?

Answer 9

Shoulder extension
Shoulder medial rotation
Shoulder adduction

Question 10

How would your palate be LATISSIMUS DORSI muscle of the shoulder

Answer 10

Ask your model to cough, this will show the posterior axiliary folds
Then feel for the muscle belly around the inferior angle of the scapular

By resisting shoulder extension at starting point of 90° shoulder flexion
By resistance shoulder adduction with a starting position of shoulder abduction

Question 11

Name the proximal distal attachment size for the deltoid shoulder muscle

Answer 11

Proximal
Anterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle
Lateral margin of acromion
Spine of the scapula on the posterior surface

Distal
Delta tuberosity on midshaft of the humerus

Question 12

What nerve applies the deltoid muscle of the shoulder?

Answer 12

Axiliary nerve C5-6

Question 13

Name all the actions that the deltoid muscle provides for the shoulder

Answer 13

Shoulder abduction
Shoulder flexion
Shoulder medial rotation
Shoulder extension
Shoulder lateral rotation

Question 14

Name the proximal and distal attachment sites for the coracobrachialis muscle of the shoulder

Answer 14

Proximal
Apex of the coracoid process

Distal
Medial aspect of the midshaft of the humerus

Question 15

Name the nerve that supplies the coracobrachialis muscle of the shoulder

Answer 15

Musculocutaneous nerve C5 to 6

Question 16

What movements does the coracobrachialis muscle of the shoulder do?

Answer 16

Shoulder adduction
Weak shoulder reflection

Question 17

The proximal and distal attachment size for Teres major muscle of the shoulder

Answer 17

Proximal
Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapular

Distal
Medial lip of the bicep groove

Question 18

What nerve supplies teres major muscle of the shoulder?

Answer 18

Inferior subscapular nerve C5 to 7

Question 19

What movement does the teres major muscle of the shoulder do?

Answer 19

Shoulder adduction
Shoulder medial rotation
Assist extension from flexed position

Question 20

Name the four rotator cuffs of the shoulder

Answer 20

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Question 21

Name the proximal and distal attachment sites for the SUPRASPINATUS muscle of the rotator cuff

Answer 21

Proximal
Medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa

Distal
Superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Question 22

Supplies the supraspinatus rotator cuff muscle of the shoulder

Answer 22

Suprascapular nerve C5 to 6

Question 23

What action does the supraspinatus rotator cuff muscle do of the shoulder?

Answer 23

Stabilises glenohumeral joint
Assists in abduction of the shoulder

Question 24

Name proximal and distal attachment sites for the infraspinatus rotator cuff muscle of the shoulder

Answer 24

Proximal
Medial 2/3 of the infraspinous fossa

Distal
Middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Question 25

Name the nerve that supplies the infraspinatus rotator cuff muscle of the shoulder

Answer 25

Suprascapular nerve C5-6

Question 26

What actions does the infraspinatus rotator cuff of the shoulder do?

Answer 26

Stabilises the glenohumeral joint
Lateral rotation of shoulder

Question 27

The proximal and distal attachment sites for the Teres minor rotator cuff muscle

Answer 27

Proximal
Posterior surface , upper 2/3 of the lateral scapular

Distal
Inferior facet on greater tubercle of humorous

Question 28

What nerve supplies the Teres minor rotator cuff muscle of the shoulder

Answer 28

Auxiliary nerve C5 to 6

Question 29

What movements does the Teres minor rotator cuff muscle do?

Answer 29

Stabilises the glenohumeral joint
Lateral rotation of the shoulder

Question 30

Name the proximal distal attachment size of the subscapularis rotator cuff muscle for the shoulder

Answer 30

Proximal
Medial 2/3 of the subscapular fossa

Distal
Lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 31

What nerve supplies a subscapularis rotator cuff muscle of the shoulder?

Answer 31

Upper and lower sub scapula nerves C5 to 7

Question 32

What movements does the subscapularis rotator cuff muscle do?

Answer 32

Stabilises the glenohumeral joint
Medial rotation of the shoulder

Question 33

In the distal attachment sites for the bicep brachii muscle

Answer 33

Proximal
Long head : supraglenoid tubercle
Short head : coracoid process

Distal
Tuberosity of radius
Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 34

What nerve supplies the biceps Brachii muscle?

Answer 34

Musculocutaneous nerve C5 to 6

Question 35

What movement does the biceps brachii muscle do?

Answer 35

Flexion of the shoulder (long head)
Flexion of the elbow
Supination of the forearm

Question 36

Name the proximal and distal attachment site for the triceps brachii muscle

Answer 36

Proximal
Long head : infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head : upper part on the posterior surface of the humorous
Media head : lower parts on the posterior surface of the humorous

Distal
Posterior surface of olecranon process of the ulnar

Question 37

What nerve supplies the triceps brachii muscle

Answer 37

Radial nerve C6 to 8

Question 38

What movements does the tricep brachii muscle do?

Answer 38

Elbow extension
Adducts / extends shoulder (long head)