W7 - Logic and Creativity Flashcards
Fundamental elements of logic
(1) Evidence (facts), (2) Assumptions (when evidence is not needed or wanted), (3) Conclusion (combining evidence and conclusion)… Therefore:
Conclusion = Evidence + Assumptions
Argument that involves an unstated premise to be understood/valid
Enthymematic argument
Form of reasoning where one accepts the premise of the evidence/assumption and also accepting its implied conclusion
Deductive reasoning
Form of reasoning where one accepts the premises of the evidence/assumptions but does not lead to believing in the conclusions
Inductive reasoning
A logical argument in the form that if there are only two possibilities, and one of them is ruled out, then the other must take place
Disjunctive syllogism
Eg. either being over or under the speed limit
Stupid Argument 1 - using a word in an ambiguous sense or in more than one sense. Needs to be solved through disambiguation.
Equivocation
Stupid Argument 2 - attempts to prove one proposition with another and use that other proposition to prove the former proposition, i.e. A is true because B is true and so B is true because A is true.
Circular reasoning
Stupid Argument 3 - attacking the person and not the argument
Ad Hominem argument
Stupid Argument 4 - cross cultural negotiations
Generalisations and stereostypes
Stupid Argument 5 - believing that what is true for parts of the whole is true for the whole; i.e. computers are made out of metal and metals don’t break when you hit them, thus, my computer won’t break if I hit it.
Fallacy composition
Stupid Argument 6 - when a conclusion does not follow from its premise; i.e. the sky is blue therefore orange is a tasty fruit.
Non sequitir
Form of creativity 1 - covered in logic section
Convergent thinking
Form of creativity 2 - imaginative thinking which generates as many ideas as possible
Divergent thinking
Method for evaluating current prospects and forecasting
Analogous reasoning
