W7: GI D/O Flashcards
Neural and Structural Abnormalities =
obstruction, reduced, or accelerated movement in GI
Inflammatory/ Ulcerative Abnormalities =
disrupted secretion, motility, and absorption
Inflammation and Obstruction Abnormalities =
alters metabolism
local and systemic symptoms
Simple Obstruction Definition
obstruction prevents flow of chyme
more common in small intestine
Functional Obstruction Definition
Faliure of motility post-op (complex)
alters equilibrium of intestines
disorganized electrical activity + paralysis
Types of Obstructions: Herniation
part of the intestine is bulging out through a weak spot
Types of Obstructions: Adhesions
scar tissue makes organs stick together
Types of Obstructions: Volvulus
intestines twist together creating a knot = blockage
Types of Obstructions: Intussusception
telescopic collapse of intestine
5 Consequences of Obstructions
Fluid and Lytes imbalance
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
hypkalemia
inflammation
5 Consequences of Obstructions: Fluid and E imbalance
blockage means lack of fluid
arrythmias
dehydration
cramps/spasms
5 Consequences of Obstructions: Metabolic Alkalosis
upper GI Block = vomitting hypoventilation, tachy, numbness + tingling
5 Consequences of Obstructions: Metabolic Acidosis
lower GI block= build up of excess acid = hyperventilation (Kussmal breathing), flushed skin, hypotension
5 Consequences of Obstructions:: Hypokalemia
K lost d/t vomitting, obstruction and fluid backup = muscle weakness, arrythmias, heart issues
5 Consequences of Obstructions: Inflammation
tissue stretches, exherts pressure = injury response= pain, swelling, tissue damange, infection (periotonis)
Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Locations
pylorus: profuse and early vomiting
proximal small intestine: bile stained vomiting, mild distention
lower small intestine: pronounced distention, delayed vomiting
large intestine: hypogastric pain, distention, vomiting occurs late
Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Extent of Obstruction
partial: diarrhea, constipation
complete: inc bowel sounds, cramping pains, constipation, hypovolemia signsl met acidosis signs
Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Ischemia
constant and severe pain = necrosis
Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Late Stage
necrosis + perforation
fever
periotonis
severe abd pain
signs of inflammation
Treatment for Intestinal Obstruction
replace fluid + e-
gastric + intestinal suctioning
laprascopy for adhesions
surgery for strangulation + complete obstruction + perforation
colonic stent for malignant obstruction
IV antibiotics
Appendicitis Causes
obstruction
ischemia
inc intraluminal pressure
infection
inflammation
Appendicitis CM
epigastric/perumbilical pain
rebound tenderness
NV
fever
anorexia
Appendicitis Complications
perforation
peritonitis
abcess formation
Appendicitis Tx
antibiotics
appendectomy
supportive care
- same pharmacotherapy as cholycystitis
Pancreatitis overview
assoc. w/ alcohol intake + gallstones, d/t damage to pancreas cells and ducts
pancreatic enzymes leak into pancreatic tissues –> autodigestion of tissue, leak into bloodstream, injury to blood vessels + organs
