W7: GI D/O

Question 1

Neural and Structural Abnormalities =

Answer 1

obstruction, reduced, or accelerated movement in GI

Question 2

Inflammatory/ Ulcerative Abnormalities =

Answer 2

disrupted secretion, motility, and absorption

Question 3

Inflammation and Obstruction Abnormalities =

Answer 3

alters metabolism
local and systemic symptoms

Question 4

Simple Obstruction Definition

Answer 4

obstruction prevents flow of chyme
more common in small intestine

Question 5

Functional Obstruction Definition

Answer 5

Faliure of motility post-op (complex)
alters equilibrium of intestines
disorganized electrical activity + paralysis

Question 6

Types of Obstructions: Herniation

Answer 6

part of the intestine is bulging out through a weak spot

Question 7

Types of Obstructions: Adhesions

Answer 7

scar tissue makes organs stick together

Question 8

Types of Obstructions: Volvulus

Answer 8

intestines twist together creating a knot = blockage

Question 9

Types of Obstructions: Intussusception

Answer 9

telescopic collapse of intestine

Question 10

5 Consequences of Obstructions

Answer 10

Fluid and Lytes imbalance
metabolic alkalosis
metabolic acidosis
hypkalemia
inflammation

Question 11

5 Consequences of Obstructions: Fluid and E imbalance

Answer 11

blockage means lack of fluid

arrythmias
dehydration
cramps/spasms

Question 12

5 Consequences of Obstructions: Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 12

upper GI Block = vomitting hypoventilation, tachy, numbness + tingling

Question 13

5 Consequences of Obstructions: Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 13

lower GI block= build up of excess acid = hyperventilation (Kussmal breathing), flushed skin, hypotension

Question 14

5 Consequences of Obstructions:: Hypokalemia

Answer 14

K lost d/t vomitting, obstruction and fluid backup = muscle weakness, arrythmias, heart issues

Question 15

5 Consequences of Obstructions: Inflammation

Answer 15

tissue stretches, exherts pressure = injury response= pain, swelling, tissue damange, infection (periotonis)

Question 16

Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Locations

Answer 16

pylorus: profuse and early vomiting

proximal small intestine: bile stained vomiting, mild distention

lower small intestine: pronounced distention, delayed vomiting

large intestine: hypogastric pain, distention, vomiting occurs late

Question 17

Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Extent of Obstruction

Answer 17

partial: diarrhea, constipation

complete: inc bowel sounds, cramping pains, constipation, hypovolemia signsl met acidosis signs

Question 18

Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Ischemia

Answer 18

constant and severe pain = necrosis

Question 19

Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: Late Stage

Answer 19

necrosis + perforation

fever
periotonis
severe abd pain
signs of inflammation

Question 20

Treatment for Intestinal Obstruction

Answer 20

replace fluid + e-
gastric + intestinal suctioning
laprascopy for adhesions
surgery for strangulation + complete obstruction + perforation
colonic stent for malignant obstruction
IV antibiotics

Question 21

Appendicitis Causes

Answer 21

obstruction
ischemia
inc intraluminal pressure
infection
inflammation

Question 22

Appendicitis CM

Answer 22

epigastric/perumbilical pain
rebound tenderness
NV
fever
anorexia

Question 23

Appendicitis Complications

Answer 23

perforation
peritonitis
abcess formation

Question 24

Appendicitis Tx

Answer 24

antibiotics
appendectomy
supportive care

• same pharmacotherapy as cholycystitis

Question 25

Pancreatitis overview

Answer 25

assoc. w/ alcohol intake + gallstones, d/t damage to pancreas cells and ducts
pancreatic enzymes leak into pancreatic tissues –> autodigestion of tissue, leak into bloodstream, injury to blood vessels + organs