W1: Medications

Question 1

Diuretics

Answer 1

Furosemide
hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone

Question 2

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 2

indications: HTN, HF, Edema

MOA: block Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubules. = dec water and Na in system.

DE: diuresis, dec BP

AE: orthostatic hypotension, dizzy, HA, hypokalemia (dysrythm), hyponatremia, hypocalcemia

Question 3

Furosemide

Answer 3

Indications: acute edema d/t liver cir, HF, percardial effusion, CKD & HTN

MOA: blocks Na/Cl/K/ reabsorption in the ascending loop of henle = more pee excreting those + H ions

DE: diuresis = dec BP, dec preload

AE: hypovolemia (ortho hyp, syncope), hypokalemia (tachy, dysrythm), metabolic alkalosis (N/V)

Question 4

Spironolactone

Answer 4

indications: severe HF, liver disease (aldosterone not metabolized)

MOA: blocks aldosterone receptors in distal convuluted tubules and collecting ducts. blocks sodium reabsorption

DE: diueresis, dec preload, dec mortality/morbidity in HF

AE: hypokalemia (Vtach, vfib, muscle weakness)

Question 5

Ibuprofen

Answer 5

indications: fever, pain, inflammation

MOA: inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

DE: dec pain, temperature, inflammation

AE: epigastric pain, nausea, heartburn, GI ulcer + bleeding, dizziness

Question 6

Acetaminophen

Answer 6

indications: pain and fever

MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, vasodilater for peripheral vessels = sweating, dissapate heat

DE: dec pain and fever

AE: inc warfarin = bleeding, N/V, chill, abd discomfort

Question 7

Prednisone

Answer 7

indications: anti-inflammatory, pericarditis

MOA: dec vasodilation + permeability of capillaries, dec leukocytes at site of inflammation

DE: no inflammation, dec bronchospasm (asthma, cancer pt), immunosuppresor

AE: cushings syndrome, fluid retention

Question 8

Lisinopril

Answer 8

indications: HTN, HF

MOA: blocks ACE enzyme so angiotensin can’t be converted

DE: dec BV, dec workload of heart, dilate peripheral vessels of the heart (dec workload)

AE: hyperkalemia, hypotension, HA, dizziness, cough

caution with k sparring diuretics

Question 9

Propranolol

Answer 9

indications: HTN, angina, MI

MOA: blocks beta receptors in the heart, pulm/vascular smooth tissue

DE: dec HT, dec BP, dec conduction velocity, dec tachy

AE: hypotension, fatigue, brady

avoid for ashtma pts
avoid stopping abruptly

Question 10

Warfarin

Answer 10

indications: prophylaxis for thromboembolitic events OR valvular dysfunction treatment

MOA: blocks vit K (produces clotting factors)

DE: dec clotting

AE: abnormal bleeding

Question 11

Vit K

Answer 11

indications: PTT/INR labs indicate it takes too long to clot

MOA: override warfarin to produce clotting factors

DE: effective blood clotting

AE: hyersensitivity