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PAT401 > W2: ECG Interpretation > Flashcards

W2: ECG Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome Conditions

A

Unstable Angina
NSTEMI
STEMI

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2
Q

ACS MOA

A

coronary obstruction caused by rupture atehrosclerosis plaques. = clots

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3
Q

mild/brief ischemia leads to __

A

angina

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4
Q

prolonged ischemia leads to ___

A

MI

changes in ECG
release of cardiac enzymes

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5
Q

degree of ischemia is determined by

A

degree of occlusion
oxygen demand of myocardium

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6
Q

arterial occulusion signifance at ___ %

A

70

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7
Q

rupture of plaques –> thrombus =

A

dec lumen and dec BF

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8
Q

Unstable Angina

A

form of ACS (NSTEMI)

transient episodes of thrombotic vessel occlusion and vasoconstriction at site of plaque damage

sign of impending MI

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9
Q

UA: diagnostic results

A

ST depresison
T wave inversion

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10
Q

Types of MI’s

A

subdenocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
transmural infarction (STEMI)

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11
Q

Subdenocardial Infarction

A

thrombus disintegrates before full distal tissue necrosis

involves only the myocardium directly below the endocardiu
- partial wall thickness damage

ST depression
T wave inversion (w/o st elevation)

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12
Q

Transmural Infarction

A

thrombus lodges permanently in vessel

infarction extends from myocardium to endocardium to epicardium (full wall thickness damage)

need intervention!!!!

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13
Q

A Fib: Patho

A

rapidly firing action potentials in the atrial myocardium d/t myocardial remodelling (HTN, valvular/ischemic disease, genetics)

irregular rapid HR - poor blood flow

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14
Q

AFib: ECG

A

absent p waves
irregular R-R intervals
fibrillatory waves
high ventricle rate (400-600bpm)

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15
Q

AFib: Hemodynamics

A

inc risk for stroke
HF

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16
Q

Atrial Flutter: Patho

A

atrias contract rapidly (not all conduct to ventricles)

ventricle response varies

rapid regular rhythm

should suspect Atrial flutter in anyone with a resting HR >150

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17
Q

Atrial Flutter: ECG

A

sawtooth flutter at regular rate

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18
Q

Atrial Flutter: Hemodynamics

A

inc HR = cardiac insuffiency

19
Q

Premature Arterial Cx (PACs): Patho

A

depolarization insitgated outside the SA node (early heartbeat initiated by atria)

20
Q

PACs: ECG

A

premature + abnormal p wave

normal QRS complex

compensatory pause (artirial bigeminy)

21
Q

PACs: Hemodynamics

A

benign but disrupted cardiac rhythm

22
Q

PVCs: patho

A

venticles generate action potential before SA node ( early heartbeat initated by the ventricles)

23
Q

PVCs: ECG

A

no p wave
wide/abnormal QRS
irregular R-R Interval
compensatory pause (skipping a beat)

24
Q

PVC: Hemodynamics

A

benign, palpitations

25
Q

VTach: Patho

A

rapid heartbeats from ventricles

ventricle rate >100bpm

common in people with structural heart disease

26
Q

VTach: ECG

A

regular rhythm
no p wave
wide and abnormal QRS

27
Q

VTach: Hmeodynamics

A

hemodynamic instability - hypotension- life threatning (emergency!!!!!!)

28
Q

VTach: monomorphic

A

same shape/symmetry of QRS b/c start in same place in myocardium

29
Q

VTach: polymorphic

A

variable QRS b/c depolarization at multiple points

30
Q

Vfib: Patho

A

disorganzied contraction of ventricle muscle fibres

d/t CAD, MI (ischemia, scarring). tissue damage creates reentry patterns –> chaotic depolarizations

31
Q

VFib: ECG

A

no identifiable waves or complexes

32
Q

VFib: hemodynamics

A

extremely compromised CO, low chance of survival outside of hospital

33
Q

First Degree Block: overview

A

results from slow action potential conduction through AV node d/t damage diease causing changes in structure/vagal tone.

takes a min, but all impulses get through

asymptomatic, no tx

34
Q

First Degree Block: ECG

A

prolonged PR interval (>0.2s)

35
Q

Second Degree Block: Overview

A

changes in PR interval, >0.2s
some impulses don’t reach ventriclesS

36
Q

Second Degree Block: ECG

A

some p waves not followed by QRS complex

37
Q

SDB: Mobits I

A

PR interval increases until no QRS complex
pause
cycle repeats

benign, low vagal tone

38
Q

SBD: Mobitz II

A

blocked P wave
PR Interval constant

issues with bundle brances

tx: pacemaker

39
Q

Third Degree (Complete Block)

A

complete block, no atrial impulses to ventricle. must generate on impulses to survive.

AV disassociation. No P wave have QRS complexes

atrial rate > ventricular rate

d/t ischemia, disease

CM: LOC, dizziness

tx: pacemaker

40
Q

Amiodarone: MOA

A

blocks potassium + sodium channels
and beta-adrenergic + calcium channels –> dec HR and resistance

41
Q

Amiodarone: Indication

A

VTach
Atrial dysrythmmias
PVCs
AFib/Flutter

42
Q

Amiodarone: DE

A

cardiac stabiliy
normal heart rhyth,
increased VF threshold

43
Q

Amiodarone: AE

A

thyroid d/o
liver toxicity
drug interaction
bradycardia
pulmonary fibrosis
hypotension
QT prolongation
cyanosis
photosensitivity
rashes
fatigue

PAT401 (6 decks)

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