W7 Child development (birth => adolescence) Flashcards
Erikson belonged to which psychological school?
Erikson was a developmentalist
Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life Span Development
- Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
- Initiative vs Guilt
- Industry vs Inferiority
- Identity vs Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs Isolation
- Generativity vs Stagnation
- Integrity vs Despair
Basic conflict - Trust vs Mistrust (when, impt events, outcome)
When: Infancy (birth to 18 m.o.)
Impt event: Feeding
Outcome: Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
Basic conflict - Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt (when, impt events, outcome)
when: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)
impt event: Toilet Training
outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Basic conflict - Initiative vs Guilt (when, impt events, outcome)
when: Preschool (3 to 5 years)
impt event: Exploration (children explore their environment, gain power over it)
outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
Basic conflict - Industry vs Inferiority (when, impt events, outcome)
when: School Age (6 to 11 years)
impt event: School
outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Basic conflict - Identity vs Role Confusion (when, impt events, outcome)
when: Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
impt event: Social Relationships
outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
Why diff stages of psychological development important to medical practitioner? (2):
Doctors should be able to:
- identify abnormal patterns of development
- treat these appropriately
in order to minimise disturbances to physical and psychological growth.
Areas to Review on Child Development from Birth to Adolescence from a psychological perspective (5):
- Attachment
- Cognitive Development
- Language Development
- Social Development
- Moral Development
“the rule” of cognitive development:
development in stages, no stage can precede the other
How Jean Piaget (1954) theory began?
His theory began with the idea that the child’s mind is not a miniature version of an adult’s mind waiting to be filled with information.
child’s mind develops into an adult mind through
4 stages known as the stages of cognitive development that span from birth to the adolescent years
Equilibration -
assimilation + accomodation
we adjust our ideas to make sense of reality
Assimilation -
+ overextension -
process of matching external reality to an existing cognitive structure
overextension: pick some characteristic & use it f/ everything (anything w/ 4 legs = animal, anything white = snow)
Overextension leads to Accommodation:
When there is an inconsistency b/w the learner’s cognitive structure & the thing being learned, the child will reorganize their thoughts
