W7 Flashcards
Data:
products of observation and have no meaning or use on their own; ex. 120/80
Information:
Data that includes answers to the questions who, what, where, when, and/or how many; ex. 120/80 mmHg
Knowledge:
knowing the significance of the information ex. 120/80 mmHg is normal BP
Wisdom:
knowing what to do with the information through knowledge, experience and judgement
Managing Data
- Structured vs unstructured
o Eg. drop down menus vs dictated notes
o Better to have structured data for computational thinking
Computational Thinking
abstraction, algorithms, atutomation, counting, shorting, searching
*tools to manage DIKW, - Good for complex, difficult, ambiguous, and/or open-ended problems
o Abstraction
A way of simplifying a process or problem
A single problem can include several layers or abstraction
Abstractions are used to build algorithms
o Algorithms
A process for carrying out a complex task broken down into simple decision and action steps
Algorithms are used to build automation
Counting
Simple/small sets: count one-by-one
Algorithms and automation for complex/large sets:
• Estimate using random samples
• Recursion (sets of smaller counts)
sorting
Algorithms and automation can be used for sorting and searching too
Sorting is a way of ranking different elements
Can be done by computer algorithms
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Searching
Algorithms and automation can be used for sorting and searching too
Used to find an element with certain properties in a larger set
Linear search (start to finish)
Binary search (back and forth)
Computer Fundamentals
- Hardware
- Software
- Networks
- Security
Hardware
- Monitor
- Case
- Motherboard (CPU, RAM)
- Storage
- Optical drive
- Input/output devices
- Network card
- Power supply
Major Components of a Desktop Computer
Input devices
- Keyboard, mouse, touch pad, pen, bar code reader, scanner, camera, joystick, touch screen
Output devices
- Screen, printer, speaker, robot
Storage devices
- Hard disk, optical disk (eg. CD-ROM, DVD, CD-RW), memory stick
Software
- Basic input/output systems (BIOS)
- operating system
- other software that runs on top of OS (o Developmental; application; communications
o Microsoft Powerpoint, iTunes )
what is BIOS
- Basic input/output systems
part of software
o Low levels system that allows the various hardware components to talk
What is operating system
part of software
o Windows, Mac OS, Android iOS, etc
o Executes application programs
o Manages resources
For sharing internal memory and processor(s)
Handles I/O devices
Manages space on external storage devices
aspects of networking
- Telecommunications links
- Modems
- Routers
- Hosts
- Clients
- Servers
- Nodes
- Telecommunications links
how devices communicate
o Eg. modems, ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, radio for satellites
- Modems
allow you to connect to the internet through your ISP
o Eg. a modem connects your home network (LAN) to your ISP’s network (WAN) to get the internet
- Routers
create networks by allowing > 2 computers and the modem to connect
o Eg. it takes the signal from your modem and “routes” it to your devices
o Think of a wireless routers
o Eg. your computer connects to your wireless printers using a router
- Hosts
computers connected to networks
o eg. smartphones, laptops, iPads, etc
- Clients
are computers or programs that connect to a network and retrieve data
servers
provide service for clients
o Eg. email servers, database servers, game servers
- Nodes
are any device that is attached to a network and transmits, receives, or forwards info
o Nodes can be clients and servers
o Includes hosts linked by modems, routers, etc
LAN
Local Area Network (LAN)
- Connects computers within a small building
- May be wired (via network cables, often running ethernet protocol) or wireless
- Requires network interface card
- May include a router to connect to other networks
WAN
Wide Area Network (WAN)
- Connects computers far away
- Requires host computers for network and communications management
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- Standard procedures for addressing and transmitting messages
- Messages broken into data packets at source
- Analogy: cut letter into pieces and put each fragment in its own envelope
- Packets are routed independently
- Packets are re-assembled into message at end
IP Addresses
- Unique identification for every computer (host) on a network (WAN, LAN, Internet)
- Eg. 129.97.128.216 is the web server for the school at UW
- Hierarchical allocation of addresses
- 129.97.M.N allocated to UW by the central authority which is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Named and Numbers (ICANN)
- Server for Domain Name System (DNS) consults registry to translate host names (eg. pharmacy/uwaterloo.ca) to corresponding IP addresses
HTTP
HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- Communication protocol between clients and servers
- Utilized TCP to transfer information between computers
- Client/server model:
o Client: browser that requests, receives, displays
o Server: receives request and responds to them
networking and secrurity
Firewalls and VPN
what are firewalls
barriers between trusted networks (your home) and untrusted networks (the internet)
o Built into routers
o Can be added as antivirus software
- Even with firewalls, the most important thing you can do it not connect to untrusted sources
VPN
virtual private network :part of security
allows remote users on the WAN to access a LAN
o Essentially a “secure tunnel”
o How you access the virtual lab computer off campus or patient records from home
o Need to act at home as you would in the hospital when you are on a VPN
Do not leave screens open, do not show people records, do not talk about the records in a public space
Authentication 101
- Something you know o PIN, password, pattern - Something you have o Smartwatch to open smartphone, FOB - Something you are o Fingerprint, iris - Healthcare typically prefers multifactor authentication (2 or more options) o Eg. FOB and password, smartwatch and fingerprint
Encryption 101
- Encryption is the process of mathematically converting info to render it unintelligible without a key to decode it
o Sender uses algorithms to encode info and receivers uses same algorithms to decode
o How a VPN creates the “secure tunnel”
o Eg. caeser cipher, german enigma machine
HTTPS
- HTTPS = HTTP + security
- Provides data encryption and server authentication
HL7
- An international standard to allow the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information
- Provide messaging standard of certain common communication
o Eg. MedicationDispense, MedicationRequest - HL7 message can be transferred through HTTPS to provide communication between different systems
o Eg. EMR/HER/PMS
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Patients
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drug
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Doctor
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Drop off
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