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infomratics > W7 > Flashcards

W7 Flashcards

1
Q

Data:

A

products of observation and have no meaning or use on their own; ex. 120/80

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2
Q

Information:

A

Data that includes answers to the questions who, what, where, when, and/or how many; ex. 120/80 mmHg

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3
Q

Knowledge:

A

knowing the significance of the information ex. 120/80 mmHg is normal BP

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4
Q

Wisdom:

A

knowing what to do with the information through knowledge, experience and judgement

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5
Q

Managing Data

A
  • Structured vs unstructured
    o Eg. drop down menus vs dictated notes
    o Better to have structured data for computational thinking
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6
Q

Computational Thinking

A

abstraction, algorithms, atutomation, counting, shorting, searching

*tools to manage DIKW, - Good for complex, difficult, ambiguous, and/or open-ended problems

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7
Q

o Abstraction

A

 A way of simplifying a process or problem
 A single problem can include several layers or abstraction
 Abstractions are used to build algorithms

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8
Q

o Algorithms

A

 A process for carrying out a complex task broken down into simple decision and action steps
 Algorithms are used to build automation

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9
Q

Counting

A

 Simple/small sets: count one-by-one
 Algorithms and automation for complex/large sets:
• Estimate using random samples
• Recursion (sets of smaller counts)

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10
Q

sorting

A

 Algorithms and automation can be used for sorting and searching too
 Sorting is a way of ranking different elements
 Can be done by computer algorithms
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11
Q

Searching

A

Algorithms and automation can be used for sorting and searching too
 Used to find an element with certain properties in a larger set
 Linear search (start to finish)
 Binary search (back and forth)

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12
Q

Computer Fundamentals

A
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Networks
  • Security
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13
Q

Hardware

A
  • Monitor
  • Case
  • Motherboard (CPU, RAM)
  • Storage
  • Optical drive
  • Input/output devices
  • Network card
  • Power supply
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14
Q

Major Components of a Desktop Computer

A

Input devices
- Keyboard, mouse, touch pad, pen, bar code reader, scanner, camera, joystick, touch screen

Output devices
- Screen, printer, speaker, robot

Storage devices
- Hard disk, optical disk (eg. CD-ROM, DVD, CD-RW), memory stick

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15
Q

Software

A
  • Basic input/output systems (BIOS)
  • operating system
  • other software that runs on top of OS (o Developmental; application; communications
    o Microsoft Powerpoint, iTunes )
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16
Q

what is BIOS

A
  • Basic input/output systems
    part of software
    o Low levels system that allows the various hardware components to talk
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17
Q

What is operating system

A

part of software
o Windows, Mac OS, Android iOS, etc
o Executes application programs
o Manages resources
 For sharing internal memory and processor(s)
 Handles I/O devices
 Manages space on external storage devices

18
Q

aspects of networking

A
  • Telecommunications links
  • Modems
  • Routers
  • Hosts
  • Clients
  • Servers
  • Nodes
19
Q
  • Telecommunications links
A

how devices communicate

o Eg. modems, ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, radio for satellites

20
Q
  • Modems
A

allow you to connect to the internet through your ISP

o Eg. a modem connects your home network (LAN) to your ISP’s network (WAN) to get the internet

21
Q
  • Routers
A

create networks by allowing > 2 computers and the modem to connect
o Eg. it takes the signal from your modem and “routes” it to your devices
o Think of a wireless routers
o Eg. your computer connects to your wireless printers using a router

22
Q
  • Hosts
A

computers connected to networks

o eg. smartphones, laptops, iPads, etc

23
Q
  • Clients
A

are computers or programs that connect to a network and retrieve data

24
Q

servers

A

provide service for clients

o Eg. email servers, database servers, game servers

25
Q
  • Nodes
A

are any device that is attached to a network and transmits, receives, or forwards info
o Nodes can be clients and servers
o Includes hosts linked by modems, routers, etc

26
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

  • Connects computers within a small building
  • May be wired (via network cables, often running ethernet protocol) or wireless
  • Requires network interface card
  • May include a router to connect to other networks
27
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

  • Connects computers far away
  • Requires host computers for network and communications management
28
Q

TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

  • Standard procedures for addressing and transmitting messages
  • Messages broken into data packets at source
  • Analogy: cut letter into pieces and put each fragment in its own envelope
  • Packets are routed independently
  • Packets are re-assembled into message at end
29
Q

IP Addresses

A
  • Unique identification for every computer (host) on a network (WAN, LAN, Internet)
  • Eg. 129.97.128.216 is the web server for the school at UW
  • Hierarchical allocation of addresses
  • 129.97.M.N allocated to UW by the central authority which is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Named and Numbers (ICANN)
  • Server for Domain Name System (DNS) consults registry to translate host names (eg. pharmacy/uwaterloo.ca) to corresponding IP addresses
30
Q

HTTP

A

HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- Communication protocol between clients and servers
- Utilized TCP to transfer information between computers
- Client/server model:
o Client: browser that requests, receives, displays
o Server: receives request and responds to them

31
Q

networking and secrurity

A

Firewalls and VPN

32
Q

what are firewalls

A

barriers between trusted networks (your home) and untrusted networks (the internet)
o Built into routers
o Can be added as antivirus software
- Even with firewalls, the most important thing you can do it not connect to untrusted sources

33
Q

VPN

A

virtual private network :part of security
allows remote users on the WAN to access a LAN
o Essentially a “secure tunnel”
o How you access the virtual lab computer off campus or patient records from home
o Need to act at home as you would in the hospital when you are on a VPN
 Do not leave screens open, do not show people records, do not talk about the records in a public space

34
Q

Authentication 101

A 
-	Something you know 
o	PIN, password, pattern 
-	Something you have 
o	Smartwatch to open smartphone, FOB
-	Something you are
o	Fingerprint, iris 
-	Healthcare typically prefers multifactor authentication (2 or more options) 
o	Eg. FOB and password, smartwatch and fingerprint
35
Q

Encryption 101

A
  • Encryption is the process of mathematically converting info to render it unintelligible without a key to decode it
    o Sender uses algorithms to encode info and receivers uses same algorithms to decode
    o How a VPN creates the “secure tunnel”
    o Eg. caeser cipher, german enigma machine
36
Q

HTTPS

A
  • HTTPS = HTTP + security

- Provides data encryption and server authentication

37
Q

HL7

A
  • An international standard to allow the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information
  • Provide messaging standard of certain common communication
    o Eg. MedicationDispense, MedicationRequest
  • HL7 message can be transferred through HTTPS to provide communication between different systems
    o Eg. EMR/HER/PMS
38
Q

Kroll shortcut F3

A

Patients

39
Q

Kroll shortcut F5

A

drug

40
Q

Kroll shortcut F7

A

Doctor

41
Q

Kroll shortcut F11

A

Drop off

42
Q

Kroll shortcut F12

A

New Rx

infomratics (4 decks)

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