W5 Flashcards
What is GS1
- GS1 is a global non-profit automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) standards organization that manages many international data standards
- GS1 standards are employed across a number of businesses ranging from grocery and clothing retailers, agriculture, equipment and healthcare products and processes
GTIN
Global Trade Item Number
UPC
(GTIN12) 1D omnidirectional 12 character numeric characters only allows HTIN-12 (12 character GTIN only) point of salw
DAtaBar
GS1 Batabar (GTIN 14) one diectional omnidirectional 14 character 0 on left to make up full 14 character numbers only allows GS1 application identifiers
Databar expanded
ID and omnidirectional
74 numeric or 41 alphanumberic
allows GS1 application identifiiers
Databar composite
mixed 1d and 2d
allows GS1 application identifiers (GTIN and others)
GS1 Data Matrix
2D, compact can be etched on metal 3116 numeric or 2335 alphanumeric allows GS1 application identifiers (GTIN and others) camera based readers req
GS1 QR codes
approved for product or customer information
not yet approved for use in product automated identification
why bar code in HC sector
brings efficiency and transparency to o Retails o Manufactures o Suppliers o Consumers
Bar coding and errors
helps reduce errors
most errors are in prescribing and administering step
what are the two types of human errors
slips and mistakes
what is a slip
refer to an action that is either forgotten or the action is performed using an incorrect product or on the wrong target
Ex. choosing the wrong medication by not reading a label carefully, choosing a wrong patient, or omitting a scheduled dose
A prompt could be used to fix this
what is a mistake
an error in execution where a human is generally alert, but consciously chooses the wrong action in the incorrect manner
Ex. includes a calculation mistake, incorrectly setting up a pump rate, selecting an incorrect medication, choosing incorrect information to apply to the clinical situation
Harder to fix
what is the goal of automation *
- Reduce errors at the points of prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, and administration that are related to system issues, through the use of information technology and automation
- Routine medication process tasks can be best supported by carefully-planned automated support; reducing the potential for inadvertent human error, while maximizing their opportunity for patient-focused care
What is automation believe*
- Shared belief is the importance of medication automation for improving medication safety
- Incorporating automation and bar code scanning at inventory, medication re-packaging, dispensing, compounding, and drug distribution effectively
- Reduces reliance on memory
- Improves communication
- Improves access to information
- Improves productivity and teamwork
what is the pharmacy process
- Pharmacy has to ensure the safe, efficient, and effective delivery of medication therapy include:
o Medication re-packaging/pre-packaging to unit of use/unit dose packages from the original manufacturer’s bulk product
o Sterile and non-sterile medication compounding
o Medication dispensing
o Medication distribution from the pharmacy to designated patient care areas
o Restocking of a medication storage area on the patient care unit
o Medication dispensing of the prescription to a consumer
what are medication automation systems
- Automated pharmacy inventory management/vertical carousel technology
- Better controlled and tracked, improving space utilization, inform where a product, reduce the walking and searching
ex: automatic packagers, robotics, bare code medication admin (BCMA), automated medication cabinet, smart infusion devices
what are automated packagers
o Repackage and label bulk supplies of medications into patient specific unit doses of medications
what are robotics in pharmacy
o Pharmacy inventory
o Repackaging
o Fast and accurate medication dispensing
o Returning drug stock to inventory for unused unit of use medications
BCMA
- Bare code medication administration (BCMA)
o Reduce medication errors – dispensing and administration errors
o Increase staff productivity and workflow
o Improve overall operational efficiencies and quality of care
o Enable data collection and feedback regarding adverse events averted
o Enable standardization across the system
automated medication cabinet
o All of the medications that a nurse may require for patients in a patient care area are securely stored in the cabinet
o Benefits:
Increase authorized access to both medications and patient information
Improve medication security
Improve medication turnaround time
Increased productivity
Medication accuracy and safety
Improvement in patient care
Improvement in drug use management and inventory
smart infusion devices
Smart pumps combined with bar coding provide automated identification options for pump programming (including the GS1 Datamatrix bar code), thereby significantly enhancing safety features of these devices
When combined with bar code identification of the user as well as the patient, the mart infusion device may reduce the error potential to administer the wrong drug/rate/patient, and can also auto-identify the care provider as well as auto-identify the patient
Canadian Drivers for Medication Bar Coding
- In Canada, (DIN) is regulated by Health Canada and designated to a pharmaceutical product
- The DIN is unique to the active ingredient, strength, unit of measure, dosage form, and manufacturer
- However, it does not reflect the package size
- Canada Health Infoway designated the GS1 GTIN as a Canadian Approved Standard (CAS) for uniquely identifying pharmaceuticals throughout each stage of the medication use process
- Canadian Pharmaceutical Bar Coding Project – ISMP
- Canadian Vaccine Bar Coding Initiative – PHAC
o Began around 2007
o As of 2018, 80% of vaccine products has 2D bar codes on the primary packaging, 2D or linear bar codes on the secondary packaging; and GS!-128 bar code on the case level package
Why not put bar code and automation everywhere?
- Infrastructure considerations
- Workflow process considerations
- Selection of the bar code symbology
- Hardware decisions
- Employee identification badges/patient identification badges
- Staff resistance
- Need health technology assessment (HTA)
o Evidence (efficacy), economics (cost-effectiveness), ethical issues (patient preferences)
