W5 Powered Instrument + Pain investigations

Question 1

Name the two major types of EMS’s

Answer 1

1. Piezoelectric US device 2. Magnetostrictive US devise

Question 2

How would you summarise a sonic device?

Answer 2

Attaches directly to air line?

Question 3

What is an ultrasonic??

Answer 3

It is its own generator, that can be connected to the chair-line or completely separate.

Question 4

What is a magnetostrictive US device?

Answer 4

(Grahams US) - Small tips that attach to handpiece. Long metal stack with a tip attached

Question 5

What is a Piezo Instrument tip?

Answer 5

Attach directly onto handpiece (EMZ)

Question 6

What are the advantages of magnetostricitive US devices?

Answer 6

Extensive variety of instrument tips are available.

Question 7

Define ‘powered instrumentation’?

Answer 7

Rapid energy vibrations of a powered instrument tip to fracture calc deposits from the tooth, disrupt plaque biofim and flush bacteria out of periodontal pockets.

Question 8

What is the MOA ?

Answer 8

Mechanical removal - rapid vibrations of ti[ create microfractures in calculus. The water irrigation dissipates heat from tip and irrigates toxic products.

Question 9

What is a ‘fluid lavage’?

Answer 9

Water stream within the periodontal pocket

Question 10

What is acoustic microstreaming?

Answer 10

Swirling effect produced within the pocket by stream of fluid flower over vibrating tipe.

Question 11

What is cavitation?

Answer 11

Formation of tiny bubbles in the water stream

Question 12

What is (1) advantages of a powered device?

Answer 12

1. Removal of calc and plaque + biofilms. Effecting in deplaquing - disrupts or removes subgingival plaque biofilm from roots and pocket space.

Question 13

What is (2) advantages of a powered device?

Answer 13

2. Pocket penetrations

Question 14

What is (3) advantages of a powered device?

Answer 14

3. Access to furcation

Question 15

What is (4) advantages of a powered device?

Answer 15

4. Irrigation: washes out toxic products from the pocket and provides better visibility

Question 16

What is (5) advantages of a powered device?

Answer 16

5. Shorter instrumentation time; as compared to instrumentation

Question 17

Define the fluid lavage

Answer 17

The water lavage reaches a depth in junctional epithelium that is equal to the depth reached by the powered instrument tip.

Question 18

What are (4) disadvantages of powered instrumentation?

Answer 18

1. Clinical skill level 2. Reduced tactile sensitivity 3. Infection control 4. Aerosol production

Question 19

What are (6) contra-indications for powered instrument devices?

Answer 19

1. Communicable diseases. 2. High susceptibility to infection 3. Respiratory risks 4. Pacemakers 5. Primary and newly erupted teeth 6. Oral Conditions

Question 20

With oral conditions what should you avoid?

Answer 20

Hypersensitive teeth, porcelain crowns, composite resin, demineralised enamel surfaces, exposed dentinal surfaces Do not use on titanium implants.

Question 21

What are preventative measure taken for powered instrumentation?

Answer 21

Barrier protection. high vol evac Preprocedural rinsing

Question 22

What tip is this?

Answer 22

Standard diameter tip. Larger diameter tip. Short shank length, heavy deposit removal. Mostly supragingival use.

Question 23

What tip is this?

Answer 23

Slim-Diameter tips. 40% smaller in diameter. Long shank lengths, light deposits and deplaquing, subgingival use.

Question 24

What are indications for the standard-diameter ‘triple bend?’

Answer 24

Shank bend to facilitate access to proximal surfaces and line angles. Supra gingival use; small to large sized deposits.

Question 25

What are indications for the standard-diameter ‘universal tip’?

Answer 25

Curved shank and tapered tip. Supragingival: small to large size depositions. Subgingival: deposits near gingival margin

Question 26

What are indications for the slim-diameter ‘straight tip’?

Answer 26

Extended shank, similar design to a probe. Subgingival: 4mm or less in depth

Question 27

What are indications for the slim-diameter ‘furcation tip’?

Answer 27

Subgingival use; with a ball tip end + deplaquing.

Question 28

Rank the working surfaces from MOST to LEAST powerful

Answer 28

1. Tip
2. Concave (face)
3. Convex back

4, Lateral surface

Question 29

Describe the point of the tip?

Answer 29

Disperses the greatest amount of energy. Should NOT be adapted against the tooth surface, it could damage the tooth. Used to break up large areas of calc.

Question 30

Describe the back of the tip?

Answer 30

Disperses less energy than the face. Too powerful

Question 31

Describe the face of the tip

Answer 31

Disperses the second greatest amouth of genergy. Should not be adapted against the tooth surface.

Question 32

Describe the lateral surface of the tip

Answer 32

Disperses the least amount of energy. Can be adapted directly against the tooth surfaces

Question 33

Where is the active tip area?

Answer 33

The tip is the vibrating part. 2-4mm

Question 34

What is the frequency?

Answer 34

How many times the tips vibrates per second

Question 35

What is stroke/amplitude?

Answer 35

How far the instrument tip moves during one cycle

Question 36

When would you use a low frequency/low amplitude?

Answer 36

Ideal for removal of plaque biofilm

Question 37

When would you use a high frequency/high amplitude?

Answer 37

Removal of tenacious cal deposits