W5- Organ markets Zutlevics & Kass

Question 1

Future market

Answer 1

involves individuals selling the rights to their organs after their death

Question 2

Current market

Answer 2

individuals sell their organs whilst alive

Question 3

Ethical Problem

Answer 3

shortage of kidneys worldwide (1,500 waiting on the transplant list)

• Market for selling organs exploits the poor
• It’s troubling that selling organs is the best (or only) “option that poverty has left”

Question 4

Organs and poverty

Answer 4

• If x’s life would be drastically improved if x sold her kidney, then x is entitled to aid
• Perceiving the poorer countries/people as resources we will be less motivated to offer alternative avenues of aid

Question 5

Zultevics Argument

Answer 5

Move to an opt out option to increase organ donations thus decrease the need to go abroad- selling organ is not sustained relief
Vending means not in our interest to eliviate poverty- entitled to aid

Question 6

Opt in vs Opt out

Answer 6

opt out they will take your organs if you don’t do anything opposite in AUS
opt out- presume consent

Question 7

Zultevics Objections

Answer 7

1. Does not pose a solution to the shortage of organ donors – people on transplant list will still be dying + in need of organs
2. Could put in place legislation to prevent people from poorer countries being viewed as simply resources for wealthier nations.
3. If we want to protect the exploited, we can only do so by removing the poverty that makes them vulnerable, or by controlling the trade - Radcliffe

Question 8

Zultevics Rebuttal of objections

Answer 8

1. Make the responsibility of the government to change their laws to increase organ donors domestically
   o Opt-out rather than opt-in
   o More education/awareness surrounding organ donation
   Doubtful that such legislation will succeed - main issue is an attitude which is difficult to legislate against

Question 9

Repugnance

Answer 9

repugnance is the emotional express of deep wisdom, beyond reasons power fully to articulate it

Question 10

Bioemporium of neomorts

Answer 10

recently dead people preserved in a vegetative state for organ harvesting

Question 11

Kass Argument

Answer 11

• Organs are a marketable product + the future of humanity are intricately linked
• Argues against organ transplantation markets - the idea a market could send humanity down the wrong path
• Live donations could be a possible invasion of the human body- idea of property- we shouldn’t be able to sell/use the body the same way as property

Question 12

2 concerns suggesting we shouldn’t proceed down path of organ markets:

Answer 12

1. Repugnance

2. Means/end distinction

Question 13

Reasons for a market

Answer 13

1. Black market- criminals run

2. Eliviate poor from hardships

Question 14

Ethical concern

Answer 14

Exploitation? if the person is under duress is the decision still voluntary informed consent? Free decision? Are any of our choices free, how many choices?

Question 15

Kass Objections

Answer 15

• If we are to deny treatment to the suffering + dying, we need better reasons that our own feelings of disgust
• the only way to improve matters for the poor is to lessen the poverty until organ selling no longer seems the best option prohibition would be irrelevant because no body would want to sell

Question 16

Kass Rebuttal of objections

Answer 16

Just because we are born with two kidneys doesn’t mean we should donate them – there may come a time later in life where g-d forbid one develops kidney cancer and is required to have one kidney removed needing the second. Perhaps being born with two kidneys is indicative of the fact we need them, otherwise g-d wouldn’t have created us with them