W5 - Angular Kinematics & Injury Flashcards
Pros to video motion capture
Minimally invasive - few markers on participant
Can see the entire scene
Only 1 camera req is action is occurring in 1 plane
Cons to video motion capture
Perspective error
Parallel error
What is video motion capture analysis especially good for?
Sports where theres a lot of contact (marker can get knocked off)
Sports where athletes can’t have bits of equipment on them.
If someone is doing a running 180 degree turn where do we want the camera for video motion capture?
At a 90 degree angle to where the ind. is going to do the turn
This side on view will red the amount of parallax error in the vid.
What are the types of injury?
Chronic (Repeated stress/overuse)
Acute (sudden traumatic events)
Give an example of a chronic injury
Stress fractures
Give an example of an acute injury
Dislocated joints
Intrinsic injury risk factors
Age
Sex
Previous injury
Aerobic fitness
Muscle strength
Reaction time
Anatomical alignment
Postural stability
Extrinsic injury risk factors
Footwear
Surface
Comp level
Pitch cond
What are the motions at the ankle-joint complex that occur in 3 planes of motion?
Supination
Pronation
Motions at the ankle-joint complex that occur in 3 planes of motion
What combined motions are in the 1 motion supination?
Adduction
Inversion
Plantar flexion
Motions at the ankle-joint complex that occur in 3 planes of motion
What combined motions are in the 1 motion pronation?
Abduction
Eversion
Dorsi flexion
What are the 2 key joints in the ankle-joint complex?
Talocrural (ankle joint)
Subtalar (talocalcaneal joint)
Where is the talocrural joint of the ankle joint complex found?
Between the distal tibia/fibula + the proximal talus
Where is the subtalar joint of the ankle joint complex found?
Between the distal talus + proximal calcaneus
What motion and in which planes does the talocrural joint allow?
Plantar + dorsiflexion
In sagittal plane
What motion and in which planes does the subtalar joint allow?
Eversion + inversion in the frontal plane.
Ab + adduction in the transverse plane.
List some injuries associated w/ rear foot movement
Excessive rear foot eversion/pronation
Ankle inversion injuries
Anterior knee pain
Plantar fasciitis
What is the rear foot angle
Angle created between the shank + foot
What are the stages known in running?
Heel strike
Foot stance
Midstance
Toe-off
In the heel strike phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?
Supination
In the heel foot stance phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?
Pronation
In the Midstance phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?
Neutral
In the toe-off phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?
Supination
What is a necessary + protective mechanism during running?
WHY?
Pronation
= Contributes to cushioning of impact + allows adaptation to diff surfaces.
According to Ferber et al. (2009) what has been suggested as being associated w/ overuse running injuries?
Amount of pronation
Rate of pronation
Time to max pronation
- However, evidence is conflicting
The term ‘pronation’ refers to the combined movements of….
dorsi-flexion, abduction + eversion
The literature findings of Hreljac and of Stefanyshyn suggest that high pronation velocity is linked with…
⬇️ risk of overuse injury
Peak rearfoot movement for the average runner is in the region of…
8-10 degrees
Positive aspects of pronation movement during running include…
Cushioning of impact forces and adjustment to uneven surfaces
What did Ferber et al., (2009) suggest are associated w/ overuse running injuries?
Amount of pronation
Rate of pronation
Time to max pronation
What do papers show about lower velocity pronation?
Lower velocity pronation is associated w/ those that had a previous injury.
Faster velocity w/ the non-injured group.
However hard to tell if in the group with previous injury, the lower velocity caused the injury or whether the injury caused that.
Do all runners go into pronation when running?
NO
What happens to most when running at heel strike/ground contact?
Foot tends to strike ground in supination/inversion.
What happens to most when running at foot stance?
Pronation/eversion
What happens to runner at mid stance?
Becomes neutral
What happens in running at take-off / toe-off?
Supination/inversion again.
On a graph showing rear foot angle vs time, what is the minimum showing?
Foot strike/ground contact
Runners with anterior knee pain
Had lower pronation during the 1st 10% of stance.
When is max pronation reached and why?
Midstance due to body weight
Look on photos for a typical time history for rear foot angle vs time
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