W5 - Angular Kinematics & Injury

Question 1

Pros to video motion capture

Answer 1

Minimally invasive - few markers on participant

Can see the entire scene

Only 1 camera req is action is occurring in 1 plane

Question 2

Cons to video motion capture

Answer 2

Perspective error

Parallel error

Question 3

What is video motion capture analysis especially good for?

Answer 3

Sports where theres a lot of contact (marker can get knocked off)

Sports where athletes can’t have bits of equipment on them.

Question 4

If someone is doing a running 180 degree turn where do we want the camera for video motion capture?

Answer 4

At a 90 degree angle to where the ind. is going to do the turn

This side on view will red the amount of parallax error in the vid.

Question 5

What are the types of injury?

Answer 5

Chronic (Repeated stress/overuse)

Acute (sudden traumatic events)

Question 6

Give an example of a chronic injury

Answer 6

Stress fractures

Question 7

Give an example of an acute injury

Answer 7

Dislocated joints

Question 8

Intrinsic injury risk factors

Answer 8

Age

Sex

Previous injury

Aerobic fitness

Muscle strength

Reaction time

Anatomical alignment

Postural stability

Question 9

Extrinsic injury risk factors

Answer 9

Footwear

Surface

Comp level

Pitch cond

Question 10

What are the motions at the ankle-joint complex that occur in 3 planes of motion?

Answer 10

Supination

Pronation

Question 11

Motions at the ankle-joint complex that occur in 3 planes of motion

What combined motions are in the 1 motion supination?

Answer 11

Adduction

Inversion

Plantar flexion

Question 12

Motions at the ankle-joint complex that occur in 3 planes of motion

What combined motions are in the 1 motion pronation?

Answer 12

Abduction

Eversion

Dorsi flexion

Question 13

What are the 2 key joints in the ankle-joint complex?

Answer 13

Talocrural (ankle joint)

Subtalar (talocalcaneal joint)

Question 14

Where is the talocrural joint of the ankle joint complex found?

Answer 14

Between the distal tibia/fibula + the proximal talus

Question 15

Where is the subtalar joint of the ankle joint complex found?

Answer 15

Between the distal talus + proximal calcaneus

Question 16

What motion and in which planes does the talocrural joint allow?

Answer 16

Plantar + dorsiflexion

In sagittal plane

Question 17

What motion and in which planes does the subtalar joint allow?

Answer 17

Eversion + inversion in the frontal plane.

Ab + adduction in the transverse plane.

Question 18

List some injuries associated w/ rear foot movement

Answer 18

Excessive rear foot eversion/pronation

Ankle inversion injuries

Anterior knee pain

Plantar fasciitis

Question 19

What is the rear foot angle

Answer 19

Angle created between the shank + foot

Question 20

What are the stages known in running?

Answer 20

Heel strike

Foot stance

Midstance

Toe-off

Question 21

In the heel strike phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?

Answer 21

Supination

Question 22

In the heel foot stance phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?

Answer 22

Pronation

Question 23

In the Midstance phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?

Answer 23

Neutral

Question 24

In the toe-off phase of running what happens at the rear foot angle?

Answer 24

Supination

Question 25

What is a necessary + protective mechanism during running?

WHY?

Answer 25

Pronation

= Contributes to cushioning of impact + allows adaptation to diff surfaces.

Question 26

According to Ferber et al. (2009) what has been suggested as being associated w/ overuse running injuries?

Answer 26

Amount of pronation

Rate of pronation

Time to max pronation

• However, evidence is conflicting

Question 27

The term ‘pronation’ refers to the combined movements of….

Answer 27

dorsi-flexion, abduction + eversion

Question 28

The literature findings of Hreljac and of Stefanyshyn suggest that high pronation velocity is linked with…

Answer 28

⬇️ risk of overuse injury

Question 29

Peak rearfoot movement for the average runner is in the region of…

Answer 29

8-10 degrees

Question 30

Positive aspects of pronation movement during running include…

Answer 30

Cushioning of impact forces and adjustment to uneven surfaces

Question 31

What did Ferber et al., (2009) suggest are associated w/ overuse running injuries?

Answer 31

Amount of pronation

Rate of pronation

Time to max pronation

Question 32

What do papers show about lower velocity pronation?

Answer 32

Lower velocity pronation is associated w/ those that had a previous injury.

Faster velocity w/ the non-injured group.

However hard to tell if in the group with previous injury, the lower velocity caused the injury or whether the injury caused that.

Question 33

Do all runners go into pronation when running?

Answer 33

NO

Question 34

What happens to most when running at heel strike/ground contact?

Answer 34

Foot tends to strike ground in supination/inversion.

Question 35

What happens to most when running at foot stance?

Answer 35

Pronation/eversion

Question 36

What happens to runner at mid stance?

Answer 36

Becomes neutral

Question 37

What happens in running at take-off / toe-off?

Answer 37

Supination/inversion again.

Question 38

On a graph showing rear foot angle vs time, what is the minimum showing?

Answer 38

Foot strike/ground contact

Question 39

Runners with anterior knee pain

Answer 39

Had lower pronation during the 1st 10% of stance.

Question 40

When is max pronation reached and why?

Answer 40

Midstance due to body weight

Question 41

Look on photos for a typical time history for rear foot angle vs time

Answer 41

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