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Yr 2 - Biomechanics > W1 & 2 - Angular kinematics > Flashcards

W1 & 2 - Angular kinematics Flashcards

1
Q

Define angular distance

A

Total angular distance travelled

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2
Q

Define angular displacement

A

Change in angle = difference between initial and final positions units.

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3
Q

How is angular velocity calculated

A

Change in angle / change in time

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4
Q

How is angular acceleration calculated

A

Change in angular velocity / change in time

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5
Q

Define absolute angle

A

Angle defined relative to a line in space

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6
Q

Define relative angle

A

Angle between 2 segments

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7
Q

How do you calculate 1 radian?

A

360 / 2 x pi

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8
Q

What is used to calculate angular velocity?

A

First central difference method

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9
Q

How many degrees are in 1 radian?

A

57.3

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10
Q

What is the polarity of a vector

A

Direction of rotation of an angular motion

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11
Q

How is the polarity of vector determined?

A

Right hand rule

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12
Q

What did Winter determine?

A

That the ankle, knee + hip angles can be defined using the absolute angles of:

Foot
Leg
Thigh
Pelvis

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13
Q

What are the ways in which angles can be measured

A

Radians

Revolutions

Degrees

Radians must be the one used if there are further calculations

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14
Q

Define tangeal velocity

A

Linear velocity of distal end of a rotating segment.

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15
Q

For absolute angles, where is the value located if the x + y values are both negative

A

3rd quadrant

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16
Q

For absolute angles, where is the value located if there’s only negative y value

A

4th quadrant

17
Q

What do you do to an absolute angle if it’s in the 3rd quadrant?

A

Add 180 degrees

18
Q

What do you do if the absolute angle value is in the 4th quadrant?

A

Add 360 degrees

19
Q

What would an absolute angle of -3.83 indicate at the ankle joint?

A

Ankle is in plantarflexion at touchdown

20
Q

Pronation, neutral or supination for a negative rear foot angle?

A

Pronation

21
Q

Pronation, neutral or supination for a 0 rear foot angle?

A

Neutral

22
Q

Pronation, neutral or supination for a positive rear foot angle?

A

Supination

23
Q

Calcaneal inversión, eversión or neutral for positive rear foot angle?

A

Calcaneal inversión

24
Q

Calcaneal inversión, eversión or neutral for negative rear foot angle?

A

Calcaneal eversión

25
Q

What else are relative angles known as?

A

Joint angles

Inter segmental angles

26
Q

During typical running gait the highest ankle dorsi flexion at the joint occurs during:

a. footstrike
b. initial support
c. midstance
d. toe-off

A

highest ankle dorsi flexion = mid stance

27
Q

During footstrike at what angle is the knee flexed during normal running gait?

A

10 degrees

28
Q

Which of the following assumptions are made when analysing sagittal plane lower limb motion during running:

(a) the limbs of the body act as rigid links,
(b) all movement is in the sagittal plane,
(c) there is three-dimensional movement,
(d) skin markers represent joint locations.

A

a, b + d

29
Q

Dixon and Kerwin (1999) found that heel lift devices reduced ankle dorsi-flexion while having no significant influence on knee joint motion. What did they conclude regarding Achilles tendon strain?

A

That Achilles tendon strain was reduced when using heel lift devices

30
Q

The reliability of joint angle calculations can be optimised by:

A

By applying joint markers and using the same person to perform all digitising

31
Q

What may provide insight into injury patterns?

A

Velocity of heal at foot strike

32
Q

Placement of marker issues at the hip

A

Superior border of the greater trochanter is difficult to locate on an ind. w/ a lot of subcutaneous fat

33
Q

Placement of marker issues on the shoulder

A

Any marker on the shoulder girdle is likely to give erroneous data due to shoulder being one of the most mobile joints.

34
Q

What is the best method to determine cycle landmarks i.e foot strike + toe-off for overground running?

A

By measuring GRF w/ the motion + using vertical force value

= NOT possible on treadmill

Yr 2 - Biomechanics (7 decks)

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