W5

Question 1

Spiral of silence

Answer 1

the process in which people decide to repress their opinions as a result of them not being accepted in the online world.

Question 2

Spiral of silence coming from the media

Answer 2

media has the power to shut down opinions which may threat their profitability as media producers

Question 3

Main causes of spiral of silence

Answer 3

fear of isolation
personal involvement in an issue
influence of social groups
cultural differences

Question 4

Selective processes main aspects

Answer 4

• selective exposure
• selective retention
• selective perception

Question 5

Selective retention

Answer 5

tendency of individuals to only retain information that aligns with their beliefs

limitations
it can hinder open mindedness due to confirmation bias (they only accept info that aligns with their beliefs)

Question 6

Selective exposure

Answer 6

individuals inclination to seek for media messages that align the most with their beliefs

Question 7

Selective perception

Answer 7

interpreting information in a way that aligns with their beliefs

Question 8

Selective processes

Answer 8

filtering mechanism as a form of protect ones values/beliefs from new or strange information

changing/shaping/adapting info in order to fit into mental schemas

Question 9

Hostile media effect (HME)

Answer 9

psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals with a strong feeling about a particular issue or topic perceive media coverage as biased (against their pov)

Question 10

Selective memory bias

Answer 10

people tend to add negative memories to their position to reinforce their viewpoint -> making it seem as media is more biased

Question 11

Filter bubbles

Answer 11

personalized content -> limiting peoples diversity of media content as they are only exposed to info that aligns with their beliefs -> narrower wv

Question 12

Self selected personalization

Answer 12

people choosing the content they want to consume (aligns more with their beliefs)

avoiding content that would prove them otherwise

Question 13

Pre-selected personalization

Answer 13

media provides specific personalized algorithms based on consumers preferences w/out consumers consent

Question 14

Limitations of personalized communication

Answer 14

• isolation in info cocoons -> reinforcement of existing attitudes and beliefs
• users may not realize that their content is personalized, leading to believe that everyone sees the same content
• political polarization