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Clinical Biomedicine > W4: Haematopoiesis > Flashcards

W4: Haematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

sites of Blood Cell Production

A

BM

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2
Q

BC maturation

A

BM + thymus

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3
Q

BC function

A

O2 transport - rbcs
immune defence - wbs
blood clotting - platelets

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4
Q

BC destruction

A

spleen

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5
Q

pos = neg selection in thymus

A

cortex = pos sel
cortex-medulla border = neg sle

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6
Q

primary vs secondary lymphoid organs

A

primary - site of immune cell prod + dev
secondary - site of lymphoid maturation, Ag entrapment + BC destruction

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7
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymphatic sys
spleen
MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue)
peyers patch in small intestine

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8
Q

lymph travel where + collects where

A

lymphatic vessels
valves = lymph nodes
collects in thoracic duct

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9
Q

lymph nodes

A

submandibular
cervical
axillary
thoracic
abdominal
pelvic
inguinal

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10
Q

lymph nodes = site of

A

T and B activation + division

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11
Q

primary vs secondary lymphoid follicles (clusters of B cells)

A

primary = inactivated B cells
secondary = activated B cells

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12
Q

germinal centres

A

clusters of proliferating B-cells +T helper cells

B cells here multiply to PLASMA CELLS + secrete Abs to fight infection

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13
Q

what cells are in lymph nodes

A

lymphocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells (DCs)

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14
Q

3 zones of lymph nodes + cells they contain

A

cortex - inactive B lymphocytes
paracortex - Th cells
medulla - macrophages

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15
Q

spleen is site of

A

extramedullary haematopoiesis + BC prod - can be re-initiated

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16
Q

spleen projections on outer capsule called

A

trabecula

17
Q

travel path of blood in spleen

A

enters via splenic artery
arteriole cords
white pulp
red pulp
re-enters circ into venous sinuses (blind ending veins)
splenic vein

18
Q

white pulp surrounds ____ forming ____ containing which cells

A

splenic artery
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
t lymphocytes

19
Q

marginal zone of spleen contains which 2 cell types

A

B cells + macrophages

20
Q

red pulp consists of

A

splenic sinuses + splenic cords

21
Q

Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) includes

A

tonsils
Peyer’s patches
appendix
lymphoid follicles in the intestines
lymphoid follicles in mucous membranes lining airways + genital tracts

22
Q

tonsil structure

A

meshwork of reticular cells fibres interspersed w lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes + mast cells

23
Q

tonsil function

A

defend against antigens entering through nasal + oral epithelial routes

24
Q

peyers patch

A

The GI tract can endocytose antigen from the lumen where an immune response can be raised and antibody can be exported to the lumen

25
Q

peyers patch (groups of lymphoid follicles)
lamina propria
submucosal layer
M cells

A

LP - B cells, plasma cells, activated Th, macrophages

SL - below LP - contains peyers patch

M - (microfold cells) lack microvilli + endocytose Ag from gut lumen

26
Q

antigens in GI taken up by what cells + how + transported where

A

M cells by endocytosis + transported to lymphoid follicles

27
Q

B cells in follicles differentiate to ___ + release ___ into gut lumen

A

plasma cells
IgA

28
Q

stem cells divide into

A

myeloid progenitor
lymphoid progenitor

29
Q

whats CFU

A

colony forming unit = a colony of cells generated from one progenitor cell

30
Q

what are burst forming units (BFUs)

A

Burst forming units – a colony of cells that responds to erythropoietin to produce erythrocytes (in culture).

31
Q

cell lifespans of
erythrocytes
neutrophils
t cells
platelets

A

120d
2-3d
20-30yrs
7-10d

31
Q

differentiation depends on which 2 factors

A

growth factors
cytokines received by progenitor cells

32
Q

Most haematopoietic growth factors are prod by BM ___ cells except for (2 things - prod where instead?)

A

stromal cells

Erythorpoietin – synthesised by kidney
Thrombopoietin – synthesised by liver

Clinical Biomedicine (23 decks)

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