W4 - ANTIGEN

Question 1

Capacity to STIMULATE the production of antibodies or cell-mediated immune response.

Answer 1

Immunogenicity

Question 2

Ability to COMBINE the production of antibodies or cell-mediated immune response

Answer 2

Antigenicity

Question 3

Low molecular weight particles that can bind to an antibody that can elicit an immune response ONLY WHEN THEY ARE ATTACHED to a macromolecule carrier

Answer 3

Haptens

Question 4

Reaction elicited by hapten w an antibody

Answer 4

Agglutination or precipitation

Question 5

Antihypertensive drug (hapten) that binds in the RBC to become a complete antigen

Answer 5

Methyldopa

Question 6

Once Methydopa becomes a complete antigen it will now trigger the release of 3 antibodies:

Answer 6

Anti-Methyldopa
Anti-RBC
Anti methyldopa + red cell

Question 7

The usage of METHYLDOPA will cause the person to suffer from ?

Answer 7

Drug induced hemolytic anemia

(Jaundice, elevated bilirubin, liver diseases)

Question 8

SPECIFIC SITES of antigens where antibodies bind.

Answer 8

epitopes

Question 9

Epitopes is also known as

Answer 9

Antigenic Determinant Sites

Question 10

epitopes found inside the cell

Answer 10

Inaccessible epitops

Question 11

Where does the antigen attach to the antibody?

Answer 11

FAB region of the antibody, specifically in the hypervariable region

Question 12

usally present in the surface of the antigen can act as POINTS OF INTERACTION for specific antibodies

Answer 12

Antigenic molecules

Question 13

Specific site on the antigen that is recognized by the
MHC molecule

Answer 13

agretope

Question 14

The site in the VARIABLE (V) DOMAIN of an antibody or T-cell receptor that BINDS TO AN EPITOPE on an antigen

Answer 14

Paratopes

Question 15

● Shorter but continuous amino acid sequence
● After denaturation, it will still remain INTACT and can STILL BIND to an ANTIBODY

Answer 15

LINEAR EPITOPES (SEQUENTIAL / CONTINUOUS)

Question 16

The site in the VARIABLE (V) DOMAIN of an antibody or T-cell receptor that BINDS TO AN EPITOPE on an antigen

Answer 16

Paratopes

Question 17

● Domains of proteins are composed of specific regions of protein chains; longer
● After denaturation, it will break into SMALLER FRAGMENTS fragments; it can NO LONGER BIND to antibodies

Answer 17

CONFORMATIONAL EPITOPE (NONSEQUENTIAL / DISCONTINUOUS)

Question 18

2 types of epitopes based on their locatoons

Answer 18

Accessible epitope (surface)
Inaccessible epitope (intracellular)

Question 19

○ Present on the surface of the antigen
○ Recognized and acted upon by B CELLS (have surface immunoglobulins)

Question 20

An epitope that needs to bind to an antigen-presenting cell (APC); found within antigen

Answer 20

Inaccessible epitope

Question 21

Function of APCs

Answer 21

Engulf, process, and present the antigens to the T-cells

Question 22

Type or STRUCTURE of the epitopes

Answer 22

Determinant

Question 23

Number of ANTIGEN-BINDING SITES on the epitopes

Answer 23

Valence

Question 24

One type of epitope, one antigen-binding site

Answer 24

UNIDETERMINANT, UNIVALENT

Question 25

One type of epitope, multiple binding sites

Answer 25

UNIDETERMINANT, MULTIVALENT

Question 26

Multiple types of epitopes, but only one binding site for each type of epitope

Answer 26

MULTIDETERMINANT, UNIVALENT

Question 27

Multiple types of epitopes, multiple binding sites for each type of epitope

Answer 27

MULTIDETERMINANT, MULTIVALENT

Question 28

Traits of immunogens

Answer 28

ABO antigens Influenza virus hemagglutinin Bacterial capsule

Question 29

composed of glycolipids

Answer 29

ABO Antigens

Question 30

Composed of glycoproteins

Answer 30

Influenza virus hemagglutinin

Question 31

composed of polysaccharides

Answer 31

Bacterial Capsule

Question 32

degree to which antigenic determinants (epitopes) are recognized as non-self

Answer 32

Foreignness

Question 33

cells that cannot be recognized by immune system because no introduction of the cell happened during the embryonic development

Answer 33

Sequestered antigens

Question 34

Self antigens

Answer 34

Autologous antigens

Question 35

Have the same genetic components with another person

Answer 35

Syngenic antigen

Question 36

“Homologous antigens” Shared by individuals of the SAME SPECIES

Answer 36

Allogeneic antigen

Question 37

Antigens shared by individuals of UNRELATED SPECIES but have the SAME SHARED ANTIGEN

Answer 37

XENOGENEIC / HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGEN

Question 38

An immunologic reaction in which the immune components, either cells or antibodies, REACT WITH 2 MOLECULES that share SIMILAR EPITOPES but are otherwise DISSIMILAR

Answer 38

Cross reactivity

Question 39

Antibody reacts w M protein and the heart (have similar structures) Streptococcus pyogenes (M protein) + heart valves = ?

Answer 39

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 40

Start of the immune response

Answer 40

engulfment of the antigen presenting cell.

Question 41

Breaking down of the antigen = immune response

Answer 41

Degradability

Question 42

Antigen: not damaged and is degradable

Answer 42

✅ Immune response

Question 43

Antigen: undegradable and unstable

Answer 43

NO immune response

Question 44

Factors directly related to the antigen (5)

Answer 44

Foreignness Degradability Molecular weight Structural stability Chemical complexity

Question 45

Many epitopes present = ? MW

Answer 45

High MW

Question 46

considered to be the most effective and immunogenic antigens because of a large MW

Answer 46

Proteins

Question 47

● Small foreign molecule that is not immunogenic ● Must be coupled to a carrier molecule to be immunogenic

Answer 47

Hapten

Question 48

>10kD

Answer 48

Immunogens

Question 49

>100kD

Answer 49

Strong immunogens

Question 50

<10kD

Answer 50

Poor immunogens (Haptens)

Question 51

constant stimulation of our immune system = ? immune response.

Answer 51

HIGHER

Question 52

Solidity and strength of molecule makes it an effective antigen

Answer 52

Structural stability

Question 53

Antigen is bounded to ? = unstable, poor antigen, easily degraded

Answer 53

Gelatin

Question 54

Substance administered with an immunogen that increases the immune response

Answer 54

Adjuvants

Question 55

acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses (adaptive immunity) when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens

Answer 55

Adjuvant

Question 56

Adjuvants enhance immune response by

Answer 56

○ PROLONGING the EXISTENCE of immunogen ○ INCREASING the effective SIZE of the immunogen ○ INCREASING the NUMBER of MACROPHAGES involved in antigen processing

Question 57

NEW ADJUVANTS

Answer 57

Rapid response to pathogens Vaccine response broadening Vaccines for elderly