HISTORY OF IMMUNOLOGY

Question 1

Discovered that individuals who had previously contracted the disease, recovered from the illness

Answer 1

Thucydides (430 BC)

Question 2

They practiced immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crust of smallpox lesions

Answer 2

Chinese (1000 AD)

Question 3

Concluded that cowpox can be used for protection against small pox but can also be transmitted from one person to another for protection

Answer 3

Edward Jenner

Question 4

when did Jenner published his book?

Answer 4

1798

Question 5

Cow =

Answer 5

Vacca

Question 6

Cowpox =

Answer 6

Vaccinia

Question 7

Recognized phagocytosis

Answer 7

Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (1862)

Question 8

Discovered cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

Answer 8

Elie Metchnikoff

Question 9

Father of immunology

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

Progenitor of modern immunology

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur

Question 11

Theory stating that “all infectious diseases can be prevented by prophylactic vaccination, and also treated by therapeutic vaccination if applied soon after infection”

Answer 11

Germ Theory of Disease by Louis Pasteur

Question 12

When and who?

Live attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

Answer 12

1880-1881, Louis Pasteur

Question 13

When and who?

Therapeutic vaccination

Answer 13

1885, Louis Pasteur

Question 14

When and who?

First report of live “attenuated” vaccine for rabies

Answer 14

1885, Louis Pasteur

Question 15

Demonstrated that it was feasible to confer passive immunity against tetanus to an animal by injecting it with the blood serum of an infected animal (ANTITOXIN)

Answer 15

Von Behring & Shibasaburo Kitasato

Question 16

Coined the term antitoxin

Answer 16

Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato

Question 17

The Antitoxin technique was successfully applied to establish immunity against - ?

Answer 17

Diphtheria

Question 18

When and Who?

Humoral Theory of Immunity

Answer 18

1890, Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato

Question 19

When and who?

Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

Answer 19

1891, Robert Koch

Question 20

When and Who?

Antibody formation theory

Answer 20

1900, Paul Ehrlich

Question 21

Another term for Antibody formation theory

Answer 21

side chain theory of antibody protection

Question 22

When and who?

Discovered immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis

Answer 22

1902, Portier and Richet

Question 23

Developed the first effective vaccine against polio

Answer 23

Jonas Salk, 1949

Question 24

Pioneered the more easily administered Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

Answer 24

Albert Sabin, 1949

Question 25

proved that Yellow Fever is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito

Answer 25

Walter Reed

Question 26

When and Who? Yellow Fever Vaccine

Answer 26

1951, Walter Reed

Question 27

Received the Nobel prize for developing a technique for producing 1st Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 27

Georges Kohler, 1975

Question 28

Pure, uniform, and highly sensitive protein molecules used in diagnosing and combating a number of diseases

Answer 28

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 29

Isolated functionally distinct Th1 vs. Th2 model of T-helper cell function Provided evidence that these two subsets were mutually inhibitory

Answer 29

Tim Mosmann

Question 30

When and Who? Th1 vs. Th2 model of T-helper cell function

Answer 30

1986, Tim Mosmann

Question 31

When and Who? Human Papillomavirus vaccine

Answer 31

2005, Ian Frazer

Question 32

Year? Arthus reaction of intermediate hyersensitivity

Answer 32

1903

Question 33

Year? Marrack: Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding

Answer 33

1938

Question 34

Year? Hypothesis of allograft rejection

Answer 34

1944

Question 35

Year? Graft-versus-host reaction

Answer 35

1953

Question 36

Year? Interferon

Answer 36

1957

Question 37

Year? Human leukocyte antigens (HLA)

Answer 37

1958-1962

Question 38

Year? T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response

Answer 38

1964-1968

Question 39

Year? Identification of genes for T-cell receptor

Answer 39

1972; 1985-1987

Question 40

Year? Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine

Answer 40

1986

Question 41

Year? Identification of toll-like receptors

Answer 41

1996-1998

Question 42

Year? FOXP3, the gene directing regulatory T-cell development

Answer 42

2001