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Medicine - Year 1 - Term 2 > W3 - URTI and LRTI in Children > Flashcards

W3 - URTI and LRTI in Children Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of EBV glandular fever

A

Fever
Swollen/tender glands
Sore throat
Rash
Headache
Tiredness/weakness
Loss of appetite
Enlarged spleen/liver

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2
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of sinusitis

A

Cheek pain/swelling/tenderness
Blocked/runny nose
Reduced sense of smell
Green/yellow snot
Sinus headache
Fever
Toothache
Facial pain
Bad breath
Irritability

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3
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of croup

A

Asthma symptoms
Coryza
Stridor
Hoarse/barking cough

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4
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of rhinitis

A

Sneezing
Itchy nose
Runny/blocked nose
Itchy/red/watery eyes
Cough
Itchy roof of mouth

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5
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of tonsillitis

A

Sore throat
Problems swallowing
Fever
Coughing
Headache
Earache
Tiredness
Swollen/painful glands
Pus-filled spots on tonsils
Bad breath

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6
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of laryngitis

A

Croaky/losing voice
Cough
Need to clear throat
Fever
Poor feeding
Stridor

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7
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of otitis media

A

Earache
Fever
Being sick
Lack of energy
Slight hearing loss
Pulling/tugging/rubbing ear
Poor feeding
Cough or runny nose
Loss of balance
Red eardrum

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8
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of pharyngitis

A

Sore throat
Difficulty swallowing
Fever
Swollen/red tonsils
Swollen/tender glands

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9
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of epiglottitis

A

Sore throat
Pain when swallowing
Difficulty breathing
Stridor
Fever
Irritability/restlessness
Muffled/hoarse voice
“Sniffling” position
Drooling

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10
Q

Which 7 common URTIs can present with fever?

A

EBV glandular fever
Sinusitis
Tonsilitis
Laryngitis
Otitis media
Pharyngitis
Epiglottitis

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11
Q

Which 4 common URTIs can present with cough?

A

Rhinitis
Croup
Laryngitis
Otitis media

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12
Q

Which URTI can present with “sniffling” position?

A

Epiglottits

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13
Q

Which URTI can present with a barking cough?

A

Croup

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14
Q

Which URTI can present with pus-filled spots on tonsils?

A

Tonsillitis

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15
Q

Which 2 URTIs can present with bad breath?

A

Tonsillitis
Sinusitis

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16
Q

Which URTI can present with red eardrum and loss of balance?

A

Otitis media

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17
Q

Which 3 URTIs can present with swollen glands?

A

Pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
EBV glandular fever

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18
Q

Which 3 URTIs can present with a runny or blocked nose?

A

Sinusitis
Rhinitis
Otitis media (runny)

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19
Q

What commonly causes glandular fever?

A

EBV

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20
Q

What 3 bacteria commonly cause sinusitis?

A

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis

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21
Q

What 2 viruses commonly cause rhinitis?

A

Rhinovirus
Adenovirus

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22
Q

What 2 bacteria commonly cause tonsilitis?

A

Strep pyogenes
Staph aureus

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23
Q

What 4 things commonly cause otitis media?

A

Parainfluenza
Influenza
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus

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24
Q

What 2 things commonly cause pharyngitis

A

Strep pyogenes
Staph aureus

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25
Q

What commonly causes epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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26
Q

What commonly causes croup

A

Parainfluenza I

27
Q

What 5 bacteria commonly cause illness in kids, and what type are they?

A

Pneumococcus
Haemophilus
Staph
Moraxella
Strep pyogenes

Commensals

28
Q

What 5 virusees commonly cause illness in kids?

A

EBV
Rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza
Influenza

29
Q

In 2018, URTIs and LRTIs were responsible for what % of hospital admissions in Scotland?

A

37%

30
Q

What 3 supportive therapies are key for helping children with URTIs?

A

Oxygenation
Hydration
Nutrition

31
Q

What 5 side effects are associated with antibiotic use

A

Diarrhoea
Oral thrush
Nappy rash
Allergic reaction
Multi-resistance

32
Q

Regardless of whether the culprit is bacteria or virus, what 4 things can we offer those with URTIs?

A

Sugary fluids
Analgesia
Antipyretic
Time (with review)

33
Q

Which URTI is most very common, which 4 are common and which one is rare?

A

Rhinitis - very common

Tonsilitis, pharyngitis, croup, otitis media - common

Epiglottitis - rare

34
Q

How can we investigate tonsillitis and pharyngitis?

A

Throat swab

35
Q

What 2 clinical signs can we look for in epiglottitis?

A

Stridor and drooling

36
Q

Rhinitis is most common in what months (and what weeks are these)?

A

Aug-March (W35-W10)

37
Q

Rhinitis is a prodrome to what other 4 conditions?

A

Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
Meningitis
Septicaemia

38
Q

What medicine can we give for tonsilitis and pharyngitis, and what should we not give?

A

Give: either nothing or 10 day penicillin

Don’t give amoxycillin (rash)

39
Q

How can we manage otitis media?

A

Pain needs analgesia, possibly antibiotics

Amoxicillin if child is under two and bilateral or systemically unwell

40
Q

How can we manage epiglottitis?

A

Intubation

Antibiotics

41
Q

Name common LRTIs

A

Tracheitis
Bronchitis (and bacterial bronchitis)
Bronchiolitis
Pertussis
Empyema
Pneumonia

42
Q

Name 5 common symptoms of LRTI and cause

A

48 hrs duration
Fever >38.5
SOB
Cough
Grunting

Usually viral and commensal bacteria

43
Q

What causes tracheitis?

A

Staph or strep

44
Q

What causes bronchitis?

A

Haemophilus
Pnemococcus

45
Q

What causes bacterial bronchitis?

A

RSV
Adenovirus

46
Q

What causes bronchiolitis

A

RSV
Sometimes Paraflu III, HMPV

47
Q

At what age is bronchitis common

A

1-4

48
Q

What causes bacterial bronchitis?

A

Disturbed mucocilary clearance leading to minor airway malacia

49
Q

What things make broncholitis more likely?

A

Being born after 1 Aug
Having older siblings

50
Q

2 signs/symptoms of tracheitis

A

Fever
Sick child

51
Q

How do you treat bronchiolitis?

A

Antibiotics

52
Q

4 symptoms of bronchitis

A

Loose rattly cough
Post-tussive vomit
No wheeze
Child very well, parents worried

53
Q

Name 6 symptoms of bronchiolitis

A

Nasal stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feeding
Crackles +/- wheeze
Low grade fever

54
Q

Name 3 symptoms of whooping cough

A

Coughing fits
Vomiting
Colour change

55
Q

2 symptoms of empyema

A

Chest pain
Very unwell

56
Q

How do you treat empyema?

A

Antibiotics +/- drainage

57
Q

How do you investigate (and not!) bronchiolitis in kids?

A

Oxygen sats for severity

No routine need for CXR, bloods or bacterial culture

58
Q

How do you treat bronchiolitis

A

Nursing in same area (NPA)

Max observation, minimum intervention

No medications proven to work

59
Q

How do you treat bronchitis?

A

Diagnose
Reassure
Don’t treat cough (it’s needed as an immune defence)

60
Q

Name 4 bacteria causing LRTI

A

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

61
Q

Name 7 viral causes of LRTI

A

Rhinovirus
RSV
Parainfluenza III
Influenza
Adenovirus
Coronavirus
Human Meta Pneumo Virus

62
Q

In children, should (or rather, could) you treat the following with antibiotics, and if so, which one?

Tracheitis
Bronchitis
LRTI/Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
Empyema

A

Tracheitis - Augmentin
Bronchitis - No
LRTI/Pneumonia - if 2 day cough, fever and focal signs, give oral amoxycillin
Bronchiolitis - No
Empyema - IV antibiotics

63
Q

Name 4 safety netting features for LRTI

A

Breathing rate increases
Fluid intake reduces to 50-70% of normal
Less responsive
Fever doesn’t settle

Medicine - Year 1 - Term 2 (13 decks)

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