W3 - Pneumonia

Question 1

Define pneumonia and how many cases of acute bronchitis become pneumonia

Answer 1

Pneumonia - Inflammation of lung parenchyma. 1 in 20 acute bronchitis becomes pneumonia

Question 2

Name the 3 types of pneumonia in terms of location

Answer 2

Bronchopneumonia - patchy, infiltrating throughout lung (typically one sided)

Lobar pneumonia - consolidation in entire lobe of lung

Interstitial pneumonia - inflammatory rather than infective, typically viral, e.g. COVID

Question 3

Define consolidation

Answer 3

Solidification due to cellular exudate in alveoli leading to impaired gas exchange

Question 4

Give 9 risk factors of pneumonia

Answer 4

Smoking
Alcohol
Extremes of age
Preceding viral illness
Pre-existing lung disease
Chronic illness
Immunocompromised
Hospitalisation
IV drug use

Question 5

Give 8 symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 5

Fever
Rigor
Myalgia
Cough
Sputum
Chest pain (on inspiration)
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis (red flag)

Question 6

Give 7 signs of pneumonia

Answer 6

Tachypnoea
Tachycardia
Reduced expansion on one side
Dull percussion
Bronchial breathing
Crepitions
Vocal resonance increase

Question 7

What are differentials for pneumonia?

Answer 7

TB
Lung cancer
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary oedema (crackles)
Pulmonary vasculitis (Wegners granulomatosis)