W3 - Respitatory Muscles

Question 1

What is the structure of the thoracic cage

Answer 1

Vertebral column
Ribs
Intercostal spaces
Costal cartilages
Sternum

Question 2

Function of the thoracic cage

Answer 2

Protect vital organs
Provide muscle attachments
Assist respiration

Question 3

What ribs are classified as true ribs

Answer 3

Ribs 1-7

Question 4

What ribs are classified as false ribs

Answer 4

Ribs 8-12

Question 5

How many floating ribs are there

Answer 5

2

Question 6

Name the joints of the ribs & their costal cartilages that sit posteriorly

Answer 6

Costovertebral joints
Costotransverse joints

Question 7

Name the joints of the ribs & their costal cartilages that sit intermediate

Answer 7

Costochondral joint

Question 8

Name the joints of the ribs and coastal cartilage that sit anteriorly

Answer 8

Sternocostal joints
Interchondral joints

Question 9

Name the joints of the sternum

Answer 9

Manubriosternal joint
Xiphisternal joint (junction)

Question 10

What movements occur occurred during an inspiration?

Answer 10

Pump handle
Bucket handle
Diaphragm descends

Question 11

Explain what the pump handle movement is in inspiration

Answer 11

An increase in anteroposterior (A-P) diameter
- ribs 1-7 elevate carrying the sternum upwards and forwards

Question 12

Explain what the bucket handle movement is in inspiration

Answer 12

Increase in transverse diameter
- ribs 6-10 elevate causing the shaft to move up and out

Question 13

How is there an increase in vertical diameter during inspiration?

Answer 13

When we breathe in the diaphragm flattened and descends

Question 14

Is expiration passive or active?

Answer 14

Passive

Question 15

What are the three muscle groups involved in respiration?

Answer 15

1. Muscles of the pharynx and larynx
2. Muscles of the rib cage, thoracic spine & neck
3. Muscles of the abdominal wall and lumbar spine.

Question 16

What is the function of the muscles of the rib cage?

Answer 16

Increase thoracic dimensions during inspiration
Support the thoracic cage
Intercostal muscles prevent any recession or bulging of the intercostal space
They inhibit the lungs and natural tendency to collapse by creating a negative pressure

Question 17

What are the three muscular parts of the diaphragm?

Answer 17

Sternal
Coastal
Lumbar

Question 18

What are the two surfaces of the diaphragm?

Answer 18

Thoracic
Lumbar

Question 19

What nerve innovate is the diaphragm?

Answer 19

Phrenic nerves C3-C5

Question 20

What are the attachment sites for the diaphragm?

Answer 20

Origins (peripheral attachments)
- Lumbar vertebrae: left and right crus and arcuate ligaments
- costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (attached directly from ribs 11 to 12)
- xiphoid process

Insertions
Central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 21

What are the three openings of the diaphragm?

Answer 21

Caval opening
Oesophageal opening
Aortic opening

Question 22

What is a thoracic surface of the diaphragm in contact with?

Answer 22

Serous membrane of the heart & lungs (pericardium & pleura)

Question 23

What is the abdominal surface of the diaphragm in contact with?

Answer 23

The liver, stomach and spleen

Question 24

What are the three main functions of the diaphragm?

Answer 24

Primary muscle for respiration
Passageway for structures
Increasing intra abdominal pressure needed in action such as vomiting , passing urine and childbirth

Question 25

What are the three intercostal muscles called?

Answer 25

External intercostal muscles Internal intercostal muscles Innermost intercostal muscles

Question 26

What are the attachment sites for the external in the intercostal muscles and what action do they do?

Answer 26

Origin Inferior border of the rib above Insertion Superior border of the rib below Action Elevation of the rib cage during inspiration

Question 27

What are the attachment sites for the internal intercostal muscles and what action do they do?

Answer 27

Origin From the coastal groove (lower part of inner surface of rib near the inferior border) of the above Insertion Upper border of the rib below Action Depression of the rib cage in forced expiration

Question 28

What are the attachment sites for the innermost internal intercostal muscles and what action do they do?

Answer 28

Origin From the costal groove of the rib above Insertion The superior border of the rib below Action Assists in the function of external and internal intercostal muscles

Question 29

What nerve innovate the intercostal muscles?

Answer 29

Anterior Rami of spinal nerves T1 to T 11

Question 30

Name some accessory inspiration muscles

Answer 30

Sternocleidomastoid Scaleni Serratus anterior Pectoralis major & minor Lat Doris Serratus posterior superior

Question 31

Accessory expiration muscles

Answer 31

Internal intercostal muscle Abdominal muscles : external and internal obliques, rectus abdominus and transverse abdominus Thoracolumbar region: iliocostalis & longissimus, Serratus posterior inferior and QL