W2 - Lumbar Spine & Muscles

Question 1

Name the honey point of a lumbar vertebrae

Answer 1

Vertebral body
Pedicles
Lámina
Transverse processes
Articular processes
Mammillary
Spinous process
Vertebral foreman
Intervertebral foreman

Question 2

What are the 3 components of an intervertebral disc

Answer 2

Central nucleus pulposus
Peripheral annulus fibrosus
2 vertebral end plates

Question 3

Name the 6 ligaments within the spine

Answer 3

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Intertransverse ligament

Question 4

Where does the anterior/posterior longitudinal ligaments sit

Answer 4

Run along the entire length of the vertebral column covering the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Question 5

What movement does Anterior longitudinal ligament limit

Answer 5

Extension

Question 6

What movement does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?

Answer 6

Flexión

Question 7

Where does ligamentum flavum attach to

Answer 7

Short & thick
Connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae from C2-S1

Question 8

What movement does ligamentum flavum limit

Answer 8

Flexión of the lumbar spine

Question 9

Where does the supraspinous ligament attach to

Answer 9

C7 to the sacrum

This ligament is more distinct in the caudal part (base of the skull)

Question 10

What does supraspinous ligament limit

Answer 10

Flexión

Question 11

Inter spinous ligament attachment sites

Answer 11

Anteriorly it connects with ligamentum flavum

Posteriorly it connects with supraspinous ligament

Question 12

What action does interspinous ligament limit

Answer 12

Flexion

Question 13

Intertransverse ligament attachment sites

Answer 13

Placed between the transverse processes of the spine

Question 14

What movement do the Intertransverse ligaments limit

Answer 14

Lateral flexion

Question 15

Name the 2 joints in the lumbar spine

Answer 15

Facet joints
Intervertebral joints

Question 16

What’s the ROM in all movements at the lumbar spine

Answer 16

Flexión = 50-60 degrees
Extension = 30 degrees
Side flexion = 25 degrees
Rotation = 1 degrees at each segmental level (less rotation at L5-S1) mean rotation 8-12 degrees

Question 17

What are the 3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 17

Posterior
Middle
Anterior

Question 18

Where does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia sit

Answer 18

Superficial to erector spinae & is attached to the spinous processes

Question 19

Where does the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia sit

Answer 19

Between the erector spinae & quadratus lumborum
It attaches to transverse tips

Question 20

Where does the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia sit

Answer 20

Depp to the quadratus lumborum and attaches to the anterior part of the transverse process

Question 21

What 3 layers is the anterior lateral wall made up of

Answer 21

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

Question 22

What is the vertical muscle on the anterior lateral wall called

Answer 22

Rectus abdominis

Question 23

Origins & insertion of the external oblique

Answer 23

Origin
Muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower 8 ribs

Insertions
Lateral lip of iliac crest
Aponeurosis ending in midline raphe (línea alba)

Question 24

What actions does the external oblique do

Answer 24

Compress the abdominal contents
Flex trunk
Bends the trunk to same side, turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

Question 25

What nerve supplies the external, internal and transverse abdominus muscles

Answer 25

Anterior rami of the lower six thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12 (internal & transverse also go to L1)

Question 26

Origins and incisions for internal oblique muscle

Answer 26

Origin Thoracolumbar fascia Iliac crest between origins of external oblique and transverse abdominis Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament Insertions Inferior border of the lower 3 to 4 ribs aoneurosis ending in linea alba Pubic crest and pectineal line

Question 27

What actions do the internal oblique muscles do?

Answer 27

Compress abdominal contents Flex the trunk Each muscle bends the trunk and turns an anterior parts of abdomen the same side

Question 28

Origins and incisions of the transverse abdominus muscle

Answer 28

Origins Thoracolumbar fascia Medial lip of iliac Crest Lateral one third of inguinal ligament, coastal cartilage of the lower six ribs Insertions Aponeurosis ending in linea alba Pubic crest and pectineal line

Question 29

What action does the transverse abdominus muscle do

Answer 29

Compresses the abdominal contents

Question 30

Origins and insurgents for the rectus abdominis

Answer 30

Origins Pubic crest Pubic tubercles Pubic symphysis Insertions Coastal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 Xiphoid process

Question 31

What actions does the rectus abdominis do

Answer 31

Compresses abdominal content Flexes the vertical column Tenses abdominal wall

Question 32

What nerve supplies the rectus abdominis

Answer 32

Anterior rami mainly of the lowest six thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12

Question 33

What are the functions of the abdominals?

Answer 33

Trunk movement Sitting up from lying down and getting out of bed Protection of the abdominal viscera Spinal stabilisation Abdominal pressure for : forced expiration, micturition, defecation, parturition & vomiting

Question 34

What are the two main posterior muscles in the lumber region?

Answer 34

Quadratus lumborum Erector spinae muscles (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) Transversospinal is muscles (semispinalis thoracic, multifidus, rotatores, interspinalis, Intertransversus

Question 35

What are the attachments for the quadratus lumborum

Answer 35

Posterior border of iliac crest Iliolumbar ligament Transverse processes L1-L5 inferior border of the 12th rib

Question 36

Actions of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 36

Muscle of inspiration Ipsilateral side flexion Lumbar extension

Question 37

Nerve that supplies the quadratus lumborum

Answer 37

Ventral rami nerve T12-L4

Question 38

Origins and insurgent for erector spinae muscle

Answer 38

Origins Lowest six ribs and rib angles Insertions T11-L5 spinous process Supraspinous/sacro-iliac ligament Sacral crests Posterior part of iliac crest Iliac tuberosity Inner lip of iliac crest Thoracolumbar fascia

Question 39

Actions of the erector spinae muscle

Answer 39

Bilateral = extension & control of flexion Maintains lumbar lordosis Unilateral = ipsilateral lateral flexion/rotation

Question 40

Nerve supply for erector spinae

Answer 40

Dorsal rami of adjacent thoracolumbar nerves

Question 41

Origins & insertions for the semispinalis muscle

Answer 41

Origins Transverse processes T6-T10 Insertions Spinous processes of upper 4 thoracic & lower 2 cervical vertebrae

Question 42

Origins & insertions of the multifidus muscle

Answer 42

Origins Sacrum Origin of erector spinae PSIS mammillary processes on lumbar vertebrae Transverse processes on thoracic vertebrae Articular processes of lower 4 cervical vertebrae Insertions Base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5-C2