W3 - Particles and conjunctions to know | 조사와 접속사 Flashcards

Review high-frequency particles and conjunctions that appear on the TOPIK I exam.

1
Q

~이/가

A

subject marker

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2
Q

~은/는

A

topic marker (of focus, contrast, old information)

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3
Q

~을/를

A

object marker

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4
Q

~하고

A

‘and, with, along (together) with’ (nouns)

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5
Q

V~고

A

‘and’ (verbs)

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6
Q

~와/과

A

‘and, with, along (together) with’

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7
Q

~(이)랑

A

‘and, with, along (together) with’ (informal)

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8
Q

~들

A

plural marker

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9
Q

~의

A

possessive marker (ownership, relationship)

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10
Q

~에

A

general location or time marker (‘to, at, in, on’)

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11
Q

~에서

A

(1) origin ‘from’, (2) place where the action is taking place ‘at, in’

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12
Q

~(으)로

A

(1) destination ‘towards’, (2) instrumental ‘by means of’

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13
Q

~까지

A

finishing point of an action (‘until, by’)

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14
Q

~부터

A

starting point of an action (‘from’)

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15
Q

~도

A

‘also, too’

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16
Q

~에게

A

dative marker (‘to someone’)

17
Q

~한테

A

dative marker (informal)

18
Q

~한테서

A

‘from someone’

19
Q

~께

A

dative marker (honorific)

20
Q

~께서

A

honorific subject marker

21
Q

~보다

A

‘compared to, more than’

22
Q

~만큼

A

‘as much as, up to that extent’

23
Q

~마다

A

‘each, every, all’

24
Q

~만

A

‘only’

25
Q

~밖에

A

‘nothing but, except’

26
Q

~(이)나 (1)

A

‘or, but’

27
Q

~(이)나 (2)

A

‘as many/much as’

28
Q

~처럼

A

‘as in, like’

29
Q

~같이

A

‘as in, like’

30
Q

~씩

A

‘each, one by one’

31
Q

~쯤

A

estimation ‘around, about, or so’

32
Q

~동안

A

‘during, while’ a period of time

33
Q

그리고

A

and (then)

34
Q

그럼

A

then

35
Q

그래서

A

so, therefore

36
Q

그러니까

A

for that reason, that’s why

37
Q

그런데

A

however, but

38
Q

그러나

A

however, even so

39
Q

그러면

A

if so, in that case