W3

Question 0

Define hallucinations

Answer 0

False or distorted perceptions of objects or events. Includes one or more sensory systems - tactile, auditory, olfactory, visual, gustatory

Question 1

Areas of the brain involved in auditory perceptual disturbance

Answer 1

Left temporal lobe, Brocas region, striatum, anterior cingulate regions

Question 2

How does the brain structure differ in schizophrenia

Answer 2

In forebrain, hindbrain and limbed system, with enlarged lateral ventricles and less blood flow to frontal regions

Question 3

Areas of the brain involved in symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 3

Frontal lobe: delusional ideas
Temporal lobe: memory, hearing, object and facial recognition, auditory and visual hallucinations
Prefrontal cortex: activated during auditory hallucinations
Occipital temporal and parietal lobes: visual hallucinations
Limbic system: regulating emotions, memories, learning affective flattening, disorganized behavior, bizarre actions

Question 4

What does the depression group include?

Answer 4

• moderate or severe depression, post natal depression, bipolar affective disorder, depression with psychosis
• often co-occurs with anxiety disorders
• can co-occur with psychosis disorders

Question 5

Perceptual and cognitive symptoms of the depression group

Answer 5

Perceptual: where there is a psychosis component
Cognition: memory, concentration, organization, planning, executive functioning, abstract thinking, creative thinking

Question 6

What are the positive negative and disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 6

Positive symptoms➡️
Hallucinations such as hearing voices, delusions
Negative symptoms ➡️
Loss of functioning, less pleasure, and interest in activities, less drive and volition to act less interest in socializing
Disorganized symptoms ➡️
Reflect confusion in brain, unable to organize self timing, planning, etc.

Question 7

What do the perceptual components of the MSE relate too?

Answer 7

Hallucinations

Question 8

What do cognitive components of the MSE relate too?

Answer 8

Delusions, memory, orientation to person, time and place, thought form and flow (although thought content is different)

Question 9

What to consider when communicating with people who experience psychosis

Answer 9

Avoid challenging delusions
Reality testing.
Empathize with distress 
Work to alleviate distress with strategies 
Music to eliminate voices
 Medication and relaxation
Occupation and sensory modulation
Discussion on simple practical needs 
Assess mental state and impact on functioning

Question 10

Communicating with people who try to Manipulate

Answer 10

Identify if it’s happening and why they feel the need to
Look at own resource, supports, boundaries, relationships
Extra supervision
Strategies to develop self esteem, assertiveness and resilience

Question 11

What is the OT process

Answer 11

Information gathering
- clinical reasoning
Service planning
Service provision
- clinical reasoning 
Review/evaluation

Question 12

Goals of info gathering

Answer 12

To monitor safety
To develop a service delivery plan
To support measurement of out ones
To aid evaluation of service eligibility
To aid screening and to inform referral 
To support hope

Question 13

Core OT ax skills

Answer 13

Initial assessment procedures 
Monitoring mental state
Risk ax
Building a therapeutic relationship 
Encouraging adherence to treatment
Goal planning and development
Structured problem solving
Based on OT model

Question 14

OT discipline specific includes assessment in the areas of

Answer 14

1. Interests
2. Role function
3. OP
4. Daily activity
5. Enviro
6. Sensory

Question 15

Generic assessments occur in the areas of

Answer 15

1. Living skills and
2. Health and social needs
3. Mental state
4. Risk