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PSYC20008 - Theme 1: Cognitive > W2L2 - Basic Processes and Social Responsiveness > Flashcards

W2L2 - Basic Processes and Social Responsiveness Flashcards

1
Q

What is the infant’s starter kit

A

“Buzzing blooming confusion” = Infants comes in with nothing, and needs to make sense when he arrives

Starter Kit

  1. ) Reflexes
  2. ) Sensory Abilities
  3. ) Socio-emotional Capabilites
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2
Q

Reflexes: Define it and What is the importance

A

Definition:

  • Inborn, automatic responses to different forms of stimulation
  • Some reflexes are redfined and become more complex while others drop out

Importance:

  • Indicates neurological status
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3
Q

What are some common reflexes

A

Babinski; Crawl; Grasp; Root; Moro; Stepping

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4
Q

Reflex: Babinski

A

Fanning out of toes when foot stroked

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5
Q

Reflex: Crawling

A

Rhythmic moving of arms and legs when on tummy and pressure applied to soles of feet

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6
Q

Reflex: Grasping

A

Finger grasp when object placed in hand

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7
Q

Reflex: Rooting

A

Head turn with mouth open when touched on cheek

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8
Q

Reflex: Moro

A
  • Outstretched arms & arched back
    • When startled or loss of support
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9
Q

Reflex: Stepping

A

Toes and foot coordinated movements when supported on a hard surface, moved forward

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10
Q

Sight - What can infants see

A

Vision improve rapidly.

  • Poor Acuity: 20/600 - 20/20 at 6mo.
  • 1mo: Colour
  • 4mo: Binocular and Object Segregation (See object boundary)
  • 7mo: Monocular, pictorial, depth cues and can perceive illusions
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11
Q

Touch - What can infants feel

A
  • Temperature change
  • Pain: Unclear
    • Circumcision has physiological indicators such as crying
    • Not possible to assess cognitive components of pain.
  • Positive benefits of massage for infants
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12
Q

Sound - What can infants hear

A

DeCasper

  • Newborns discriminate mum’s voice from stranger
  • Newborns discriminate familiar from novel story read by mom

Eimas and Jusyck

  • Newborns discriminate sounds in own language in 6 months
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13
Q

Taste - What can infants taste

A

Taste receptors/chemistry change throughout childhood

  • Preference for salty taste
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14
Q

Smell - What odors can baby smell

A

MacFarlene

  • Breastfed newborns discriminate and prefer mom’s scent

Cernoch and Porter

  • Bottlefed infants prefer scent of lactating females
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15
Q

What are the brief conclusion of sensory abilites

A

Suggest that sensory abilities may scaffold development of cognitive and social competencies

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16
Q

Social Development

What did Spitz (1965) WHO study found

What term did he use

What did the study demonstrate

A
  • Psychotoxemia/Reactive attachment disorder
    • ​37% of infants who were placed in orphanages died within short periods and almost all infants development (vulnerable to infections, problems) were delayed
  • Infants need social world and can’t separate social and cognitive
17
Q

Emotional development

What are basic Expression

A

Basic/Primary Emotions

  • Anger
  • Interest
  • Fear
  • Disgust
  • Joy
  • Sadness
18
Q

When do infants imitate emotional expressions

A
  • Expression imitated at 3 days
    • Imitation is complex (neurological mechanism at work!)
19
Q

Do adults reliably label infant expressions.. How do expression differ in ease of discrimination.

A
  • Adults reliably label infant’s expression
    • Differ in ease of discrimination
      • Positive (joy and interest)
      • Negative (anger and fear)
  • Basic emotion are innate
20
Q

What are the 3 types of attachments in the “Strange Situation”.

A

“Strange Situation” elicts differing levels of distress

  1. Secure (Welcome back)
  2. Anxious-Resistant (Don’t do that again)
  3. Anxious-Avoidant (DGAF)
  4. Disorganised (Unclear)
21
Q

Are the attachments permanent

A

No. They may change in context and importantly it may change over time (remember AB lectures)

22
Q

How many personality dimensions are infants rated on

A

9 (Different from AB Lectures)

  • Activity level
  • Rhythmicity
  • Approach/withdrawal
  • Adaptability
  • Emotional reactivity
  • Responsiveness to stimuli
  • Mood (positive or negative)
  • Distractibility
  • Attention span
23
Q

What are the three temperament categories for infants

A
  • Easy: 40%
  • Difficult: 10%
  • Slow to warm up: 15%
    • Unclassifiable: 35%
24
Q

What happens on the temperament for infants cross-culturally

A

Some cultural difference between importance of temperament dimensions

  • American and Australian similar
  • Greek and Chinese similar

PSYC20008 - Theme 1: Cognitive (6 decks)

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