W2 - Unit Structure, planes & directions, video analysis Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The science of the structure of the body
What is functional anatomy?
The study of the body components needed to achieve or perfom a human movement or funtion
What does ‘bio’ mean?
Life
What does mechanics mean?
Science of motion
What is anatomical position?
The anatomical position helps to describe directions and positions in the human body
What is anatomical refereance position?
The starting position for body segment movements
Describe anatomical referance position
- Upright standing position
- Facing forward
- Legs together
- Feet flat on floor
- Hands at side
- Palms facing forward
What are anatomical directional terms?
They help in describing the ‘geography’ of the body. They describe how components relate to one another
What are the anatomical directional terms?
- Anterior (ventral), posterior (dorsal)
- Inferior, superior
- Medial, lateral
- Proximal, distal
Generallly in pairs
What are anatomical referance planes?
‘Cardinal planes’
3 imaginary perpendicular referance planes that divide the body in half by mass
In the anatomical position the cardinal planes intersect at the body centre of mass
Describe the frontal plane
Frontal (aka coronal), divides the body between front and back)
Describe the sagittal plane
Sagittal (aka median), divides the body between right and left sides
Describe the transverse plane
Transverse (aka horizontal), divides the body between top and bottem
What are anatomical referance axes?
Axes are infinite, imaginary lines that pass through joints
When a joint of the human body moves, it rotates about an imaginary axis within a plane
How do the anatomical referance axis relate to the cardinal planes?
Each one is perpendicular to a specific cardinal plane
Which anatomical referance axis relates to the sagittal plane?
Mediolateral axis
Which anatomical referance axis relates to the frontal plane?
Anteroposterior axis
Which anatomical referance axis relates to the transverse plane ?
Longitudinal axis
Explain fundamental movements
The body is a multi-segmented and multi-jointed structure
Human movements, can be very complex but can be simplified by considering one body segment at a time
What are uniplanar movements?
Movements can be described as occuring in one plane of motion
What are multiplanar movements?
Movements that occur in a combination of planes
Most natural human movements occur in a combination of planes
What movements occurs in the sagittal plane about an mediolateral axis?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Dorsiflexion (ankle)
- Plantar flexion (ankle)
What are the main movements occur in the frontal plane about the anteroposterior axis?
- Abdution
- Adduction
Name other movements that occur in the frontal plane about the anteroposterior axis?
- Eversion
- Inversion
- Lateral/ side flexion (trunk)
- Scapula elevation
- Scapula depression
- Ulna deviation (hand)
- Radial deviation (hand)
What movements occur in a transverse plane about a longitudinal axis?
- Rotation - left/right (neck, trunk)
- Internal/ external rotation (leg, upper arm)
- Pronation/ Supination (forearm)
- Horizontal adduction (upper arm)
- Horizontal abduction (upper arm)
