w2 - Ethical Decision-Making in Science Flashcards
Name 4 core values of ethics in human research.
- Respect
- Researh merit and integrity
- Justice
- Benefcience
Respect is central.
What are two important components when considering respect in human research.
- That each individual has in and of themselves
- A recognition of ones human autonomy
- A recognition that some peoples have limited or restricted autonomy that needs to be protected and or empowered.
What does the value of justice basically entail?
A regard for the human sameness that each person shares with one another.
What does the value of justice basically entail?
A regard for the human sameness that each person shares with one another.
List three ways researchers excerise beneficence?
- assessing and taking account of potenial risks and benifits
- being sensitive to the wellfare and interests of peoples
- reflecting of the social and cultural implications of their work
What is ethics?
A system of moral principles or values that guide how people make decisions.
What is Behavioural Ethics?
Understanding the psychological, situational and social processes that underlie ethical decisions and judgments of why people act in good or bad ways
What is the“should self?
Long term desire to do good and be seen as ethical to others
- rational, cognitive, thoughtful
dominat when cognising future and past
What is the “want” self?
A more short term desire to behave in a way that would advance ones self interest
dominate in the heat of the moment
What is a self-serving biases and how can they negatively effect ones ethics?
People generally perceiving themselves as have unrealistic positive self-evaluations.
This can result in their downplaying conflicts of interests to favour themselves
What should code of ethics acheive?
- A framework to guide decisions and actions
- Protect the welfare of the organisation/key stakeholders
- Respect the rights of all who are affected by its operations
What is the foundation of the MRNC code?
Respect.
What does the aspect of respect recognise in ethical codes?
- That each human being has vaue
- The recognition of human autonomy
What does justice involve?
A regard for human sameness that each person shares with every other.
What are two ways to consider justice?
- Distributive justice : the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research
- procedural justice : ‘fair treatment’ in the recuitment of participants and the review of research
What is beneficience in ethics?
Taking account of the risks of harm and potential benefits
When would it be justifiable to proeed with research that poses a risk to its participants
- only if it potential benefits justify the risks
- only if there were proceedures in the research to manage the risks
What are risks?
A potential harm, discomfort or invonvenience
What are three kinds of risks?
- Physical, psychological, economic harm
- Discomfort
- Inconvenience
What elements of ethics does consent embody ?
Respect: giving people the capacity to make their own decisions
Justice: Fairness and judicially informed
How is consent described?
As a voluntary choice based on having been provided with sufficient information and adequate understanding of the research and it’s implications
What two factors must be considered with accepting consent?
- That it can be withdrawn at any time
- A consideration of a participants capacity to give consent
What is one requirment within research that engages with deception
A debreif at the end of the experiment containing:
- An outline of the deception and of what the study was attempting to reveal
- An oppurtunity for the participant to ellect for their data not to be used
