W1L4 Pigment Disorder

Question 1

Abnormal pigmentation? (3)

Answer 1

• Hyperpigmentation.
• Hypopigmentation.
• Depigmentation

Question 2

Causes of hyperpigmentation?

Answer 2

A) Localized:
• Freckels (macular)
• Melasma (patchy)
• Pityriasis versicolor
• Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation

B) Generalized:
• Addisonian pigmentation

Question 3

Causes of hypopigmentation? (4)

Answer 3

• Pityriasis alba
• Pityriasis versicolor (hypopigmented type)
• Tuberculoid leprosy
• Post inflammatory hypopigmentation

Question 4

Causes of depigmentation?

Answer 4

Congenital:
- Albinism.
- Piebalidism.

Acquired:
- Idiopathic: vitiligo.
- Secondary: burn, chemicals

Question 5

Def Vitiligo?

Answer 5

Acquired idiopathic leucoderma

Question 6

Etiology Vitiligo? (4) (NGAS)

Answer 6

1. Autoimmune theory.
2. Self destruction theory.
3. Neural theory.
4. Genetic theory

Question 7

Precipitating factors Vitiligo? (3) (KES)

Answer 7

1.Emotional stress.
2.Sun burn.
3.Physical trauma.
(Koebner’s phenomenon)

Question 8

Site Vitiligo?

Answer 8

•Milky white depigmented patches.
•Any part may be affected; face, hand,
feet, back are the sites of predilection.
•Hair may be affected

Question 9

Classification Vitiligo? (4)

Answer 9

I) Localized:
a- Focal.
b- Segmental.

II) Generalized:
a- Acrofacial.
b- Vulgaris.

III) Universal
IV) Mixed

Question 10

D.D of vitiligo? (5)

Answer 10

1. Albinism.
2. Pityriasis alba.
3. Pityriasis versicolour
4. Post inflammatory hypopigmentation.
5. Chemical depigmentation.

Question 11

Prognosis Vitiligo? (5)

Answer 11

1. Unpredictable.
2. Stationary
3. Spontaneous repigmentation.
4. Slowly progressive.
5. Rapidly progressive.

Question 12

Treatment of vitiligo?

Answer 12

I) Localized:
- Topical PUVA - Topical corticosteroids.
- Topical calcineurin inhibitor - Topical covermark creams

II) Generalized:
- Systemic PUVA - Systemic KUVA - ACTH

III) Universal:
- Monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone.