W1L1 Reproductive Strategies

Question 1

what is asexual reproduction and the Type of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

-reproduction without exchanging of genetic information
Type:
-fission (equal size offspring) for bacteria
-Budding for hydra and yeast (unequal offspring and mother)
-parthenogenesis

Question 2

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 2

• Exchange of genetic information between individuals
• Two sexes – female / male +
• female produce large gametes: eggs
• male produce small and motile sperm

Question 3

definition of protogyny and protandry

Answer 3

• Protogyny - an animal that produces eggs when young and can transform to produce sperm in later life stages.
• Protandry - an animal that produces sperm when young and can transform to produce eggs in later life stages.

Question 4

Sex and the echiuroid worm Bonellia

Answer 4

-Female worm is rock dwelling
* Male lives inside the female’s uterus & fertilizes her eggs
* If larva lands on sea floor becomes female
* If larva lands on the proboscis of a female - chemical attractants emitted
* Larva will enter females mouth, migrate to the uterus and differentiate into a male

Question 5

Fertility rate: ‘ Jaw Dropping’ global crash in children being born

Answer 5

• Predict every country ↓ population by end of century
• 23 Nations (Spain & Japan) ½ by 2100, 1.7 fertility rate
• As many 80 yrs olds as newborns
• Fertility rate was 4.7, now 2.4, if < 2.1 population fall
• World pop peaks at 9.7Bill 2064, but 8.8Bill 2100
• China peaked and overtaken by India, Nigeria, etc
• Changes in female career & contraception access
• Good, but the inverted age structure the issue- taxes & healthcare support, retirement age
• Even migrations can’t alter it, as across 183/195 countries