W10: Social Influences Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is social influence?
The ways that people affect one another through changing attitudes, beliefs, feelings, or behaviours resulting from the real or imagined presence of others
- Conformity
- Compliance
- Obedience
What are the 2 types of conformity?
- Unconscious conformity (automatic behavioural mimicry)
2. Conscious conformity (informational and normative social influence)
What is informational social influence?
Using others’ actions or comments as a source of valid information about what is correct, proper or effective.
- e.g. autokenetic effect
- because we want to be right (the situation is difficult/ambiguous)
- INTERNALIZATION
What is normative social influence?
Using others’ actions or comments as guides for how to fit in and avoid disapproval or social sanctions (e.g., ridicule, ostracism)
- based on a desire to be liked/socially accepted when the situation is unambiguous., because one’s own beliefs conflict with group beliefs
- e.g. Line Judgement (Asch)
- TEMPORAL COMPLIANCE W MAJORITY
What are the factors affecting conformity?
- Group size
- Unanimity
- Anonymity
- Expertise/Status
- Groupthink
- Culture (tight vs loose)
- Gender (depending on domain)
- Minority Influence (consistency and informational influence)
GUAEGCGM
GAUGECGM
What is compliance?
Compliance occurs when we are influenced via a direct attempt by someone without authority/power over us.
- Reason-based
- Emotion-based
- Norm-based
What is reason-based compliance?
- Norm of reciprocity
- you scratch my back I scratch yours
- soda experiment - Foor-in-the-door
- small then big
- window and yard sign example - Door-in-the-face
- big then small
- chaperoning zoo trip example
What is emotion-based compliance?
- Positive Mood
a. when you’re in a good mood, you assume others’ intentions are good
b. positive mood maintenance: saying no to a request is awkward and creates a negative affect - Negative Mood (increases compliance because it might make you feel better)
- e.g. catholic confessions example
What is norm-based compliance?
- Descriptive Norms
- objective facts (e.g. most people sleep less than 8 hours a day)
- informational influence - Prescriptive norms
- what people SHOULD be doing (e.g. you should be sleeping 8 hours per night)
- normative influence
The stronger the norm info, the stronger the compliance (e.g. specificity)
Why is obedience a type of conformity? (MILGRAM)
- Informational Influence
- ambiguous: strange, unfamiliar setting
- participants needed to look to an experimenter - Normative Influence
- unambiguous: shocking someone is wrong
- but if they didn’t do it, experimenter might get angry
How do you make it easier for participants to disobey? (MILGRAM)
- make victim closer
2. make authority less salient
Why did they obey?
- diffusion of responsibility
- step-by-step procedure
- lack of practice disobeying authority
