W10 - Emotions Flashcards
What is Papez Circuit and what is the problem
Circuit Theory of Emotions. More descriptive than functional
First evidence of Amygdala and Emotions
Animal Evidence: MTL > Lack of fear response
Evidence of Amygdala Emotions: SM
SM: No fear; unable to facial decode emotions; inappropriate social behavior
How does amygdala block fear
Does not block exhibition of fear (startle), blocks fear conditioning & learning (CR + neutral)
Pathways and brief description of amygdala
Low road: Sensory > Thalamus > Amygdala > Is it adversive?
High road: More thorough, confirms initial low road.
Is fear learning implicit/unconscious? What evidence do I have to claim this
Implicit/Unconscious
- Expressed via. behavioural/physiological response (e.g., SCR).
- Can report parameters of fear conditioning and what is supposed to happen
Fear Learning in faces. fMRI Evidence for implicitness. When is amygdala response stronger?
There is evidence to faces with “fear” expression even subconsciously.
But it is stronger with attention
Amygdala and explicit fear learning
By modulating storage of emotional events, Amygdala enhance strength of explicit memories. [Indirect: arousal to emotional events > modulate memory]
Amygdala activity in emotional stimuli correlated with arousal-enhanced recollection
Why do we use faces as stimuli
Good control (can manipulate expression only)
What is the problem with neruoimaging evidence like fMRi in facial emotion
Slow hemodynamic Changes. Repeated presentation of emotional stimuli = Habituation
Can we “train’ attentional bias such that fear is processed less
Experimenetally, yes. But there is no-significant clinically relevant effects.
Possibility of publiciation bias
Other associations of brain and emotions
Angry = Orbitofrontal (increases with attention) Disgust = Insula (also involved in other emotions)
Role of Insula in emotions
Suggested to be involved in all subjective feelings: Introspection and afferent representations.
What are the 3 types of frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
- ) Semantic
- ) Progressisve Nonfluent
- ) Behavioural Variant
Behaviour Variant Frontotemporal Dementia: Symptomps (BFTD)
1) Disinhibition
2) Apathy
3) Lack empaty
4) Perservative
5) Dietary Change
6) EF Dysfunction
“Handbrakes taken off”
Diagnosis of possible, probable and definite BFTD
Possible: 3 or more symptoms
Probable: 3 or more symptoms + progression + MRI change
Definite: 3 or more symptoms + pathology
Pathology of FTD: Genetic Markers
Gene: C9ORF72 (affects 7-12%). That means many FTD has no gene
Pathology of FTD: Brain
Grossly atrophied orbitofrontal and medial regions (opposite from AD, which originals from MTL to frontal)
Pathology of FTD: What kind of protein
Tau Protein 50%
Which emotions recognition do FTD patients show deficits in. What are some circumstances which these patterns show
Deficits in Negative emotions
Intact in happiness
Equivocal findings in surprise
- Not due to task difficulty
- Across modalities (face/voice/etc)
What emotional reactivity like changes in physiological responses (blood pressure, etc) do FTD patients show deficits in
Basic stimuli (e.g. loud noise): impaired
Complex stimuli: variable
Neuroimaging FTD (Emotional Evaluation and Socal Evaluation and how is amydala related)
Amygdala damage correlated with negative facial expression
Emotional Evaluation: Poor recognition of negative emotions; Intact recognition of positive emotions
Social Evaluation: Poor recognition in sarcasm
Neuroimaging FTD: Correlation between sarcasm and amygdala
Poor sarcasm detection correlated with lower amygdala volume (stronger than all other cortical damage)
Neuroimaging FTD: Insight (in their own impairment)
Poor insight across domains
- Quality of insight correlated with OFC and Frontopolar Grey Matter
- Emotional insight correlated with Frontopolar, Amygdala, and Hippocampal Grey Matter
