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IO1 > W1: Types, Functions and Policy Making of IO > Flashcards

W1: Types, Functions and Policy Making of IO Flashcards

Terms and useful info

1
Q

Term

State

A

political community with permanent population, defined territory, government with monopoly of force and capacity to enter into relations with other states

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2
Q

Term

Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs)

A

IO with membership made up of three or more states –> members are states represented by their governments, e.g. UN, World Bank, NATO

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3
Q

Term

Transnational Organisation

A

IO made up of private actors (e.g. trnasnational corporations, religous movements, NGOs)

members are individuals, groups or associations (Amnesty International)

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4
Q

Term

International Institution

A

Set of implicit or explicit pinciples, norms, rules and decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of IR

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5
Q

Term

IR

A

Structural formal contacts between governments through bilateral and multilateral diplomatic relations

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6
Q

Term

Trans-governmental Relations

A

Structural informal contacts between (representatvies of) ministries, parliaments and other governmental bodies

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7
Q

Term

Transnational relations

A

structural contacts between private actors across state borders

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8
Q

Term

Regimes

A

international process and collection of rules

environmental regimes can tranform into International Institution

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9
Q

Term

Global governance

A

the sum of laws, norms, policies and institutions that define, c onstitute and mediate relations among citizens, society, markets, and the state in the international arena

The wielders and objects of international public power (Weiss & Thakw)

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10
Q

1648

Treaty of Westphalia

A

ended 30-year war, made every country soveriegn, no interference in internal affairs nor in external relations

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11
Q

League of Nations established; weaknesses

aftermath of WW1, to establish peace

A
  • unable to check aggressive behavior of Japan, US not joining
  • failure in 1939
  • wanted to create balance; system remained same, states not follow rules
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12
Q

Why join an IO?

12 answers

A
  • bride tensions between individual and collective interests
  • pursue comon interests
  • coordinate their actions
  • pool resources
  • facilitate regular communications
  • share and generate information
  • monitor one another
  • to gain legitimacy for their actions -> small sovereign states show independence
  • symbolic value
  • adjudicate disputes
  • ‘tie-in’ and illustrate domestic commitments
  • ‘lock-in’ the international spoils of victory
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13
Q

Can NGOs have legitimacy (= can create binding rules and laws)?

A

No, cannot create laws, but can make sure that binding rules and laws are implemented.

power to influence states, shame them

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14
Q

Function UN evolved from:

(1945) to maintain international peace, and promote human rights and international economic and social cooperation

A

remit has expanded enormously (health, environment, development)

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15
Q

Categorizing IOs

membership, size, issue area, region, function, etc

A
  • most IOs fit into more than one category
  • important to know, how to define and categorize them influences analysis

Mansfiel & Pevehouse, 2014

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16
Q

opsomming

Structures of IGOs

A
  • founding treaty
  • assembly
  • council
  • secretariat
17
Q

IOs can …

Barnett and Finnemore

A
  • calssify the world
  • fix meanings in the social world
  • articulate and diffuse new norms
18
Q

IOs are ‘tools’ of …

Mearsheimer

A

powerful states with the minimal autonomous power

19
Q

evolution of IO theory: 1930s - 1970s

Post-WW2

A

enormous reconstruction effort, creation of handful of major IOs designed to help protect the world from future WWs

“International Organizatoin” (1947) leading journal in field of IO

20
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1930s - 1970s

behavioralism (1960s)

A

American political science; focus on political behavior of actors & institutions

21
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1930s - 1970s

integration theory

(late 60s, early 70s)

A

economic integation in Europe

22
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1970s - 1990s

Events

A
  • vietnam war
  • collapse Bretton Woods system
  • 1973 oil crisis
  • how to safeguard nuclear materials (70s)

underline importance of IO

23
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1970s - 1990s

Realists & Neorealists

A

state as main unit of analysis in world characterized by anarchy, assume that states seek power to ensure survival; assumed IOs function at margins on international politics, and therefore also unimportant

24
Q

Evolution of IO theory: Flavor of Institutionalism

theory of regimes

Robert Keohane

A
  • decline of USA as golbal hegemon did not indicate decline of regimes overall
  • regimes reduce uncertainty and enable cooperation
  • main actors are states, IOs not
  • IOs means for cooperation and not constraint

Neoliberalist institutionalist: IOs enable states to cooperate

25
Q

Evolution of IO theory: Flavor of Institutionalism

New institutionalism

A

formal institutions defined more broadly as political & economic structures

extended well beyond field of IO

26
Q

Evolution of IO theory: Flavor of Institutionalism

rational choice institutionalism

A

extend and critique neoclassical economic theories, based on assumption that individuals are self-interested, rational acotrs who pursue strategies to maximize their well-being

27
Q

Evolution of IO theory: Flavor of Institutionalism

new institutional economics

A

treating the firm as black box by developing organisational theories to explain why firms behave in particular ways & how they are organised

28
Q

Evolution of IO theory: Flavor of Institutionalism

Agency theory

A
  • problems within firms arise when an actor (Agent) is delegated the power to act in the interests of another actor (principal) due to differences in expectations and interests
  • for IOs, this can be applied when one studies the delegation of authority from the MS to an IO
29
Q

Evolution of IO theory: Flavor of Institutionalism

public choice theory

A

focuses on how individuals make decisions and interact with one another in different institutional settings

why countries join IOs…

30
Q

Evolution of IO theory: Flavor of Institutionalism

constructivism

A

ways that ideas, norms, culture, …. influence politics; how international norms are created and diffused

31
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1990s - present: contemporary issues and debates

Rationalist vs. Rationalist

A

sometimes scholars who share methodological prediction may disagree on role of IOs in global goveranance;

32
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1990s - present: contemporary issues and debates

Neorealists & Neoliberal institutionalists

A

share nationalist approach to study of IOs, but reach different conslusions about whether and how IO influence state & institutional issues

33
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1990s - present: contemporary issues and debates

Economics vs. Sociology

A

how to analyse IO behavior

34
Q

Evolution of IO theory: 1990s - present: contemporary issues and debates

IOs as Stages or Actors?

A

often both.
How politics shape state behavior toward organisation -> assume IOs are stages or instruments of the powerful inside out -> interested in IO as actor and what it does -> how power may shape the organisations’ actions, outcome, and effectiveness

35
Q
A

IO1 (10 decks)

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