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NMS sem2 > W1: Topography Of Brain And Spinal Cord > Flashcards

W1: Topography Of Brain And Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Neurocranium?

A

Contains and protects the brain

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2
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bone meet.

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3
Q

Why is the pterion an important landmark?

A

It’s fragile, so if someone receives an injury to it, it can be broken. The artery that passes deep to this point is the middle meningeal artery - this can be damaged.

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4
Q

What is the viscerocranium?

A

Bony framework of the face. Contains the organs.

Zombies Punch My Very Manly Nose In

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5
Q

What bones make up the hard palate?

A

Maxillary bone and palatine bone

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6
Q

What are the fossa divided into?

A

Anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

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7
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

CNVI olfactory nerve

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8
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the optic canal?

A

CNII optic nerve

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9
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, CNIV, CNV1, CNVI

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10
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the foramen rotundum?

A

CNV2

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11
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the foramen ovale?

A

CNV3

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12
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNVII, CNVIII

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13
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the jugular foramen?

A

CNIX, CNX, CNXI

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14
Q

What CN leaves the skull through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CNXII

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15
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

All nervous tissue outside CNS, spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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17
Q

How many cerebral hemispheres are there?

A

2, right and left

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18
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Planning and command of movement

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19
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Sensory processes from body and organs

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20
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Visual processes

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21
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Auditory processes

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22
Q

What are sulci?

A

A sulcus is a depression in the brain

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23
Q

What are gyri?

A

A gyrus is a bridge

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24
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.

Separates the pre central gyrus (primary motor cortex) and the post central gyrus (primary sensory cortex)

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25
Q

What is the lateral fissure?

A

Separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobe

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26
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

Separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres. Seen in coronal view

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27
Q

Difference between a fissure and sulcus?

A

A fissure is deeper than a sukcus

28
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

29
Q

How is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem?

A

Through the inferior, middle and superior peduncles.

30
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A bridge/connection between hemispheres. White matter in coronal view.

31
Q

How is grey and white matter arranged in the brain?

A

Grey on outside, white on inside

32
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Collection of cell bodies

33
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

34
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

A sulcus in the coronal view

35
Q

Role of the cerebellum

A

Responsible for coordinating voluntary movements.

36
Q

What are the 2 cerebellum hemispheres separated by?

A

The vermis in the midline. Posterior and anterior lobes.

37
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Spaces within the CNS that produce CSF.

38
Q

How many lateral ventricles are there?

A

2, one in left hemisphere and one in right hemisphere

39
Q

What other ventricles are there?

A

Third and fourth ventricles

40
Q

What is CSF?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the ventricles and all around the brain and spinal cord, nourishing and protecting the nervous system.

41
Q

What are the meninges?

A

3 membranous layers

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater (outside to inside)

42
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

The dura mater folds to separate the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

43
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebral hemispheres.

44
Q

What is a sinus?

A

Where venous blood passes through. Spaces between 2 layers of dura mater. NOT VEINS.

45
Q

Which layer contains the blood vessels?

A

The arachnoid mater

46
Q

What is a subdural haematoma?

A

Shown on the MRI

Shifts the brain away from the midline.

47
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus, mostly in lateral ventricles

48
Q

How does the CSF circulate?

A

Through the ventricular system from lateral ventricles into the third ventricle into the fourth ventricle, out into subarachnoid space, surrounding CNS. Reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations - outcroppings in the venous sinuses in the dura mater.

49
Q

Function of CSF

A

Protection, nourishment and waste removal

50
Q

Vertebral column parts

A

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5) sacrum, coccyx vertebra

51
Q

What passes through the vertebral column?

A

The spinal cord

52
Q

When does the spinal cord begin?

A

After the brainstem

53
Q

How is grey and white matter arranged in the spinal cord?

A

Outer layer is white matter, inner is grey matter

GreyH shape

54
Q

Why are there different shapes through the vertebra?

A

Cervical and lumbar are enlarged.

In cervical region we will find the formation of a plexus (network of nerves), cervical and brachial plexii

55
Q

What does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

Structures in the head and neck

56
Q

What does the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Upper limbs

57
Q

Is the spinal cord surrounded by meninges?

A

Yes

58
Q

Where do the spinal nerves exit?

A

The intervertebral foramina

59
Q

Where does information travel through in the spinal cord?

A

The myelinated axons - white matter - periphery of the spinal cord
Ascending and descending tracts

60
Q

What is an ascending tract?

A

Information travels from the outside upto the brain - sensory

61
Q

What is a descending tract?

A

Information travels from the brain out - motor information

62
Q

Difference between cell bodies in PNS and CNS

A

CNS cell bodies = nuclei

PNS cell bodies = ganglia

63
Q

Cervical plexus roots

A

C1-C4/C5

64
Q

Brachial plexus roots

A

C5-T1

65
Q

Nerves of the brachial plexus

A 
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
Median nerve (C6-C8,T1)
Radial nerve (C5-C8,T1)
Ulnar nerve (C7,C8,T1)
66
Q

Nerves of the cervical plexus

A

Cutaneous nerves

Phrenic nerve

67
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A 
T12-L4 = lumbar plexus
L4-S4 = sacral plexus

NMS sem2 (14 decks)

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