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Addiction FSWP4029K > W1: Perspectives & Natural Course of Addiction > Flashcards

W1: Perspectives & Natural Course of Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

The patterns of use differ based on

A
  • type of substance
  • route of administration
  • frequency
  • quantity
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2
Q

No single classification system, BUT psychoactive drugs can be grouped based on

A
  • molecular structure
  • clinical use
  • subjective effects
  • actions on neurotransmission
  • effects on ANS & CNS
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3
Q

Fastest speed of absorption of drugs

A

lungs

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4
Q

Relatively slow speed of absorption of drugs

A

stomach & small intestine

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5
Q

Drugs affect primarily the

A

Central Nervous System

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6
Q

Types of substances are

A
  • tobacco
  • stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines, XCT)
  • depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines, GHB)
  • opioids (heroin, prescription drugs)
  • hallucinogens (Lsd, cannabis, ketamine)
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7
Q

Agonist drug

A

mimics the effects of the neurotransmitter by binding to the same receptor site

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8
Q

Antagonist drug

A

binds to the receptor but prevents functional effects of the endogenous neurotransmitters

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9
Q

Effects of cocaine on neurotransmitters

A

dopamine agonist = inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine

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10
Q

Effects of MDMA ecstasy on neurotransmitters

A

increases serotonin and dopamine levels in synaptic cleft -> increased release and reduces re-uptake

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11
Q

Effects of alcohol on neurotransmitters

A
  • GABA agonist
  • NMDA antagonist
  • 5HT serotonin agonist
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12
Q

How many symptoms out of 11 should a person display within x months to be diagnosed with SUD (according to DSM-5)?

A

2 symptoms

- within 12 months

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13
Q

What are the DSM-5 symptoms of SUD (11 of them)?

A
  1. Using much more or for longer than intended
  2. Much time spent using, obtaining or being affected
  3. Role Impairment
  4. Hazardous use
  5. Social problems
  6. Tolerance
  7. Withdrawal
  8. Repeated unsuccessful attempts to quit/cut down
  9. Reduced activities
  10. Psychological/physical problems
  11. Craving
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14
Q

Simultaneous Polydrug Use (SPU)

A

combination of two or more psychoactive substances

=> dangerous because can have additive or interactive effects on intoxication and impairment

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15
Q

Modern thinking about psychiatric diagnosis was within a

A

neo-kraepelinian tradition (studying case history -> disorder -> progression can be predicted)

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16
Q

Onset of alcoholism in 4 stages (Jellinek 1943)

A

Pre-alcoholic (socially dr)
Prodromal (escape tensions)
Crucial (addictive)
Chronic (self-control destroyed)

17
Q

In 1976 appeared the name ADS, which is the

A

Alcohol Dependence Syndrome - compulsive and incentive patterns of use

18
Q

From the apparition of DSM-III, the name alcoholism changed to

A

substance use and dependence

19
Q

According to DSM-III, there are two subtypes of substance abuse, which are

A

Type I: moderate heritability, gradual onset in maturity, controlled consequences, less gender influence

Type II: high heritability, early onset, severe psychosocial consequences, male gender dominance

20
Q

Universalistic Cultural Perspective on SUD

A
  • focuses on common elements across cultures
  • permits cross-cultural comparisons
  • but culture specific manifestations of illness may be ignored
21
Q

Relativistic Cultural Perspective on SUD

A
  • influence of culture on manifestation and content

- culturally specific syndromes

22
Q

Epidemiology of alcohol

A
  • age graded pattern
  • peak period of drinking initiation is adolescence
  • young adulthood is peak of use
  • decline after 30 + more stable
  • ethnic differences in initiation age
23
Q

Epidemiology of tobacco use

A
  • starts in teen year but escalades after
  • stabilises during adulthood but gradual decline at later stages
  • peak age =24
  • stable use = after 30
24
Q

Epidemiology of cannabis use

A
  • lifetime consumption reported by 50%
  • peak initiation age = 17
  • if initiation at younger age => higher prob. of dependence
  • DSM-4 dependence criteria met by 10-18% of users
25
Q

Trans-theoretical model of tobacco use

A

3 classes of smokers: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation

2 classes of former-smokers: action, maintenance

26
Q

The Gateway Hypothesis of Cannabis Use

A
  • cannabis as gateway to other drugs

- the dose response effect explains that the greater the frequency -> the more likely to use other drugs

27
Q

Vulnerability to SUD is influenced by

A
  • parental psychopathology
  • parental antisocial personality disorder
  • parental mood and anxiety disorders
  • family structure
  • interparental or family conflict + stress
  • parent child attachment
  • maltreatment
  • parenting practices

Addiction FSWP4029K (5 decks)

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