W1 Key Terms

Question 1

Define Research

Answer 1

research is the systematic, rigorous logical investigation that aims to answer questions about nursing phenomena.

Question 2

Phenomena

Answer 2

Phenomena: can be defined as the occurrences, or circumstances, or facts that are perceptible by the senses. i.e. expression of pain or loss, are the circumstances that are of interest to nurses.

Question 3

Qualitative research

Answer 3

The systematic, interactive and subjective research method used to describe & give meaning to human experiences. Qualitative research is often conducted in natural settings and uses data that are words or text, as opposed to numerical data, to describe experiences studied

Question 4

Quantitative research:

Answer 4

Quantitative research: The process of testing relationships, differences, and cause –and- effect interactions among and b/w variables. These processes are tested with hypothesis & research questions through the use of objective, precise, & highly controlled measurement techniques to gather information that can be analyzed and summarized statically.
Evidence Based Practice: The conscience, explicit, & judicious use of the current best

Question 5

Evidence Based Practice:

Answer 5

Evidence Based Practice: The conscience, explicit, & judicious use of the current best evidence in the care of patients and the delivery of health care services.

Question 6

Evidence Informed Practice:

Answer 6

Evidence Informed Practice: Acknowledging & considering the myriad factors beyond such evidence as local indigenous knowledge, cultural, religious norms, and clinical judgment. Focuses on more inclusive & interactive process.

Question 7

Consumer:

Answer 7

Consumer: A person who actively and applies research

Question 8

Data:

Answer 8

Data: Information systematically collected in the course of a study

Question 9

Generalizability (generalize):

Answer 9

Generalizability (generalize): The extent to which data can be inferred to be representative of similar phenomena in a population beyond the studied sample.

Question 10

Philosophical Beliefs:

Answer 10

Philosophical Beliefs: The system of motivating values, concepts, principles and the nature of human knowledge of an individual, group, or culture aka: paradigm or world view.

Question 11

Ontology:

Answer 11

Ontology: The science of study of being or existence and its relationship to non-existence

Question 12

Constructivism:

Answer 12

Constructivism: the basis for naturalistic (qualitative) research, which developed from writers such as, Immanuel Kant, who sought alternative ways about thinking about the world; a belief that reality is not fixed, but rather is a contraction of the ppl. perceiving it.

Question 13

Epistemology (“ knowledge”)

Answer 13

Epistemology (“ knowledge”) what is know to be true, how people know what they know or what is known to be the “truth” Asks 3 questions: 1. What is knowledge? 2. How do we know what we know? 3. What is the scope/limitation of knowledge?

Question 14

Methodology:

Answer 14

Methodology: Refers to discipline of specific principles, rules and procedures that guide the process by which knowledge is acquired.

Question 15

The Aim of Inquiry:

Answer 15

The Aim of Inquiry: Refers to the goals or specific objectives of the research.

Question 16

Context:

Answer 16

Context: Refers to the personal, social and political environment in which a phenomenon of interest “ that thing of interest” occurs. i.e. physical settings, home, hospital or less concrete “ environments” such as the context of cultural understandings and beliefs bring to an experience

Question 17

Values:

Answer 17

Values: Personal beliefs of the researcher

Question 18

Post Positivism:

Answer 18

Post Positivism: is a philosophical orientation that suggests a material world exisits; that is things can be sensed. i.e. seen, touched, heard tasted. Its governed by the belief that although not all things can be understood or explained, many things can be.

Question 19

Critical social thought:

Answer 19

Critical social thought: a philosophical orientation that suggests that reality and the persons understanding of what reality are constructed by ppl. with most power at a particular point in history. I.e. understanding health and wellness within the context of history.

Question 20

Post Positivism Paradigm:

Answer 20

Post Positivism Paradigm: The basis of most quantitative research and, to a smaller extent, qualitative research. Aka: grounded theory

Question 21

Constructivist Paradigm:

Answer 21

Constructivist Paradigm: The basis of most qualitative research, which is concerned with the ways ppl. construct their world. Grants importance of hermeneutics, which is the interruption of written, oral & visual communication.

Question 22

Critical Social Theory:

Answer 22

Critical Social Theory: The use of both qualitative and quantitative research to highlight historical and current experiences of suffering, conflict and collective struggles.

Question 23

Research related questions:

Answer 23

On a daily basis nurse devise clinical questions that, if answered improve upon the care they provide to individuals, families and communities. i.e a Med/Surg nurse may ask: How do pediatric & adult patients experience surgical pain, and how, in turn, can we enhance pain management for both groups? A Mental Health nurse may ask: What is the relationship b/w specific psychotropic medication and heart disease among schizophrenic patients? A PHN may ask: What factors contribute significantly to the health of homeless youths living in specific neighborhood in Ontario, Canada?

Question 24

Each research question requires the nurse to engage in a knowledge development process by:

Answer 24

• Identifying knowledge Gaps
• Knowledge Generation
• Knowledge Distribution
• Knowledge Adoption
• Knowledge Review &Revision

Question 25

This knowledge development process is conducted by using the Theoretical Frameworks (p.25). Descibe the components of the theoretical frame work.

Answer 25

Personal Knowledge – inner experiences

Experimental Know. – Repeated exposure to situations that refine previous ideas/thoughts

Ethical knowledge – includes moral principles, codes, theories of ethical conduct

Aesthetic Knowledge – Art of nursing, expressive, intuitive, creative aspects.

Sociopolitical Knowledge – understands culture, society, politics

Theoretical/ Empirical Knowledge – scientific knowledge, tests theories, observation & measurement, case specific issues and phenomena, qualitative & quantitative research. Involves observation i.e. Speaking with ppl. about their life experiences of living with Alzheimer’s, observing cultural/social interactions, delivering an intervention to a school, using surveys of questionnaires p26.