W1: Foot muscles

Question 1

Dorsiflexion

Answer 1

ankle dorsiflexors are found within the anterior compartment of the leg and are innervated by the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve.They include tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus.

Question 2

Plantarflexion

Answer 2

ankle plantarflexors are found within the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg and are innervated by the tibial nerve. They include gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior.The gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus share the Achilles tendon as a common insertion tendon.

Question 3

What forms Achilles tendon? What happens when it ruptures?

Answer 3

gastrocnemius, planteris and soleus → calcalceus

Flat footed, cant walk on tiptoes

Question 4

Inversion

Answer 4

performed by tibialis posterior (deep posterior compartment of the leg), which is innervated by the tibial nerve.

Question 5

Eversion

Answer 5

performed by the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus, fibularis brevis and fibularis ter- tius), which are innervated by the superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve.

Question 6

Hallux valgus

Answer 6

Lateral deviation of big toe - hallucis longs contributes

Often the surrounding tissues swell and pressure causes a subcutaneous bursa to form - bunion

Question 7

Spring ligament

Answer 7

Connects calcaneus to navicular - prevents medial arch from collapsing

Question 8

Short and long plantar ligaments

Answer 8

Between calcaneus and cuboid

Question 9

Plantar aponeurosis

Answer 9

Fibrous sheet - calcaneus to proximal phalanges

Question 10

What to squired flat feet occur due to?

Answer 10

Tibialis posterior dysfunction

Question 11

What is club foot caused by?

Answer 11

tightness of muscles, tendons and ligaments