vygotskys theory Flashcards
What did Vygotsky emphasize in his theory of cognitive development?
He emphasized the role of social interaction and cultural influences in cognitive development, unlike Piaget, who focused on individual discovery.
What role do ‘experts’ play in Vygotsky’s theory?
Experts (e.g., parents, teachers, more capable peers) help children develop through social learning by providing guidance and scaffolding.
What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
It is the gap between what a child can do independently and what they can do with help from a more knowledgeable other
What is scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory?
The support given by an expert to help a learner cross the ZPD. This support is gradually withdrawn as the child becomes more competent.
What are the five stages of scaffolding identified by Wood, Bruner, and Ross (1976)?
- Demonstration – Adult shows the child how to do something.
- Preparation for child – Adult gets the child ready to act.
- Indication of materials – Adult highlights key items needed.
- Specific verbal instructions – Adult gives step-by-step guidance.
- General prompts – Adult uses open-ended questions to encourage thinking.
Q: How does culture influence cognitive development, according to Vygotsky?
Children develop reasoning skills based on their cultural environment, including the tools, language, and traditions they are exposed to.
What are the two stages in the internalization of knowledge?
Intermental – Knowledge first exists between the expert and learner.
Intramental – The learner absorbs and internalizes the knowledge.
How does Vygotsky’s theory differ from Piaget’s?
Vygotsky saw learning as a social process, whereas Piaget focused on individual discovery through exploration.
