Vulval cancer Flashcards
how does vulval cancer present?
pain, itch, bleeding, lump/ulcer
RF of vulval cancer?
neoplasia or cancer at another lower genital tract site, lichen sclerosus, smoking, immunosupression
how is vulval cancer staged?
surgical-pathological, size of lesion, lymphnode involvement (inguinal AND upperfemoral, also pelvic). Stage 1a is micro-invasion
what lymph nodes are involved in vulval cancer?
inguinal AND upper femoral nodes, also pelvic lymph nodes
what type of biopsy is done
punch or excisional biopsy
what to look for in histopathology?
if there is invasion thenm it is squamous cell csarcinoma, abnormal nuclei
what is usual type VIN (Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
HPV related, Younger women, Multifocal, Multizonal, Immunosuppression, Past history of intra-epithelial neoplasia
what is differentiated type VIN
Non-HPV related, Older women, Lichen Sclerous, Often presents as cancer at first diagnosisthickened epithelium, extra surface keratin
what staging is used for vulval cancer?
FIGO, on biopsy depth of invasion is looked at
what sis the Tx of vulval cancer?
local excision, node disection (bilateral needed if there is central involvement), chemo and radio therapy
what are the side effects of groin node dissection?
wound infecion, lymphocysts, nerve damage
