VSV

Question 1

Family of VSV

Answer 1

Rhabdoviridae

Question 2

Type and Size of DNA of VSV

Answer 2

Single-stranded RNA genome
11,161 nucleotides in length

Question 3

Which animals can be infected?

Answer 3

Cattle, horses, and swine, resulting in vesicular lesions of the gums, tongue, naso-oral mucosa, teats, and coronary bands

Question 4

Virus transmission routes

Answer 4

Direct contact, aerosol, fomites, and insect vectors, such as mosquitoes, sand flies.

Question 5

Describe the type of capside

Answer 5

Virion envelope, derived from the host cell, is arranged by an external phospholipid bilayer membrane that surrounds a very stable internal ribonucleoprotein core.

Question 6

Main VSV proteins?

Answer 6

Five major proteins:
-N (nucleocapsid or ribonucleoprotein)
-P (phosphoprotein)
-M (matrix protein)
-G (glycoprotein)
-L (large protein or polymerase)

Question 7

Function of G protein

Answer 7

Transmembrane glycoprotein forms spikes on the envelope and mediates cellular recognition and fusion, allowing the viral entry and exit from the cell.

Question 8

Function of M protein

Answer 8

Participates in viral assembly and particle budding

Question 9

Function of N protein

Answer 9

The nucleocapsid core is composed of the viral genome tightly wound around the viral N protein, forming an RNase-resistant core environment

Question 10

Function of P and L proteins

Answer 10

Combine to catalyze RNA-dependent RNA polymerization (RdRp) of genomic RNA and transcription of the mRNAs

Question 11

Transcription and replication mechanisms of VSV

Answer 11

complex and not fully understood, with laboratory and natural populations yielding variable information on genetic adaptability and maintenance.

Question 12

Incubation period?

Answer 12

Clinical disease usually develops after a period of 2 to 7 days.

Question 13

Which receptor is using?

Answer 13

Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) probably

Question 14

For the rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-msp-SF-Gtc vaccine, function of “IG”

Answer 14

It ensures proper termination and re-initiation of transcription for each gene

Question 15

For the rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-msp-SF-Gtc vaccine, function of “Honeybee Melittin Signal Peptide”?

Answer 15

Msp= to Increase the efficiency of spike protein synthesis, glycosylation, and intracellular trafficking

Question 16

For the rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-msp-SF-Gtc vaccine, function of “TMD”

Answer 16

Transmembrane domain. If used with recombinant protein, The addition of the transmembrane domain of the VSV G protein (Gtc) to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, made pseudotype VSV that carry the spike protein more efficiently, and triggered strong immune responses

Question 17

For the rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-msp-SF-Gtc vaccine, function of “HDV”

Answer 17

HDV Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme encoding sequences. The HDV ribozyme self-cleaves RNA immediately downstream of its sequence, creating a well-defined 3’ end. This ensures that the viral RNA transcript produced by the plasmid is of the correct length and sequence for efficient viral packaging or functionality. Improving Viral Particle Formation, Enhanced Stability and Expression

Question 18

For the rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-msp-SF-Gtc vaccine, function of “T7δ”

Answer 18

Bacteriophage T7 transcriptional terminator sequences ( This is a strong promoter commonly used in genetic engineering for efficient expression of genes inserted behind It)

Question 19

Function of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptors (LDL-R)?

Answer 19

Regulate cholesterol levels in the body

Question 20

Mutations in the VSV for reducing their vector cytopathogenicity? (Vaccine safety)

Answer 20

Three mutations into the M gene

Question 21

Why we need a low amount of VSV for the vaccine?

Answer 21

The attenuated and replication-competent nature of the rVSV vaccine vector allows for lower levels of vaccine needed per vaccination

Question 22

Antigen proteins were expressed in_____at the N-terminus to increase the efficiency of spike protein synthesis

Answer 22

cis

Question 23

How to increase the expression of recombinant proteins it a VSV vector

Answer 23

Using Gtc modification and msp