VSDs

Question 1

VSDs can go undetected?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Shunting goes ____ to ____ in VSDs.

Answer 2

left, right

Question 3

With large VSDs, there is an overload of volume to the ____ heart.

Answer 3

Right

Question 4

Most common type of VSD is the ____ ____.

Answer 4

membranous VSD

Question 5

The ____ ____ is the last part of the IVS to form.

Answer 5

membranous septum

Question 6

Three types of membranous VSDs are:

Answer 6

1. Normal / LV to RV
2. Supracristal / LVOT to RVOT
3. Gerbode / LVOT to RA

Question 7

Surgical correction:

Answer 7

usually none, unless it is large (then it will require surgery)

Question 8

What is NOT used in correcting Membranous VSDs?

Answer 8

Septal Occluders

Question 9

What is a risk of NOT correcting a VSD?

Answer 9

infection

Question 10

The second most common VSD is the ____ ____.

Answer 10

Muscular VSD

Question 11

Muscular VSDs are usually located where?

Answer 11

mid ventricular septum to apex

Question 12

How is a muscular VSD usually identified?

Answer 12

by sound

Question 13

What type of sound does a muscular VSD mimic?

Answer 13

Aortic Stenosis

dealing with high pressures on the left side at systole

Question 14

Rupture of mid-muscular and apical VSDs are usually caused by _____.

Answer 14

infarct

Question 15

Post-Infarct VSD rupture is considered what type of event?

Answer 15

acute

Question 16

The Common Ventricle VSD is extremely ____.

Answer 16

rare

Question 17

_____ blood and ____ blood combine in a Common Ventricle VSD. This causes the O2 SATs to be extremely ____.

Answer 17

Venous, Arterial, Low

Question 18

Characteristics of the ventricle in the Common Ventricle VSD:

Answer 18

1. pressure is in-between the normal RV and LV pressures
2. ventricle is hypertrophied
3. Tricuspid regurge

Question 19

Patient presentation with a Common Ventricle VSD is:

Answer 19

cyanotic due to low tissue perfusion

Question 20

Surgical correction for Common Ventricle VSD:

Answer 20

Artificial Patch (do not use pericardium)

Question 21

Shunting in the Supracristal VSD:

Answer 21

LVOT to RVOT

Question 22

Supracristal VSDs are located just underneath the _____ and ____.

Answer 22

Pulmonic Valve, Aortic Valve

Question 23

Supracristal VSD is a ____ membranous VSD.

Answer 23

High

Question 24

Gerbode VSD shunting:

Answer 24

LVOT to RA

Question 25

The jet in the Gerbode VSD goes from ____ ____ to the ____ ____.

Answer 25

Membranous LVOT, Right Atrium

Question 26

Sound for VSD is a harsh ____ murmur heard best over the ____ ____ ____.

Answer 26

systolic, lower sternal border

Question 27

intensity of a VSD murmur is directly related to the ____ of the VSD

Answer 27

size

Question 28

Murmurs which are secondary to the VSD:

Answer 28

• MR
• TR
• PS

Question 29

VSDs can mimic the sounds of ____ ____.

Answer 29

aortic stenosis

Question 30

Arrhythmias secondary to VSDs

Answer 30

1. PVCs
2. PACs
3. Signs of RVH on EKG
4. Increased heart rate

Question 31

X-Ray indications for VSD:

Answer 31

1. Pulmonary congestion
2. CHF/Pulmonary Infiltrates
3. Increased Cardiac Silhouette

Question 32

Signs and Symptoms of children with VSDs:

Answer 32

1. Low O2 SAT / Cyanosis
2. Vomiting (due to appetite suppression ad GI irritation)
3. Failure to thrive

Question 33

If a VSD is too high in the membranous septum, a ____ ____ cannot be used because it could obstruct the ____.

Answer 33

septal occluder, LVOT

Question 34

The membranous portion of the Ventricular Septum is the ____ to close.

Answer 34

last