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New Yorkshire > VPS setup terms / Digital Ocean > Flashcards

VPS setup terms / Digital Ocean Flashcards

1
Q

If you don’t already have an SSH key, generate one using the following command:

A

ssh-keygen

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2
Q

Once generated, SSH keys are stored in the SSH directory at the r.._ of your user account

A

Once generated, SSH keys are stored in the SSH directory at the root of your user account .~/.ssh

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3
Q

When you generate an SSH key, it creates two files:
- A p____ key, which remains securely stored on your machine.
- A p____ key, which you provide to DigitalOcean or other services. This will have the .p___ file extension.

A

When you generate an SSH key, it creates two files: - A private key, which remains securely stored on your machine. - A public key, which you provide to DigitalOcean or other services. This will have the .pub file extension.

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4
Q

Use the following command to display your public key:

A

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Note: The file name id_rsa.pub is a default for many setups, but the actual file name may differ based on how you generated your SSH key. If a different file was created, adjust the cat command accordingly (e.g., cat ~/.ssh/your-key-name.pub)

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5
Q

command to connect to the server:

A

ssh root@’ip address or domain name’
ssh root@chasephilpot.com
ssh root@123:456:789

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6
Q

Command to give the new user ‘username’ sudo privileges

A

usermod -aG sudo ‘username’

the -a argument stands for append
The -G argument tells usermod to change a user’s group settings.

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7
Q

A utility to efficiently transfer and synchronize files and directories between two locations. It can operate locally or remotely.

A

rsync

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8
Q

(part of larger command)
‘–archive A’ is shorthand for -rlptgoD, which means:

-r: recursively copy d_________s

-l: copy symbolic l____s as symbolic l____s
-p: Preserve file p________s
-t: Preserve modifcation ________s
-g: Preserve g________ ownership
-o: Preserve o______
-D: Preserve d__________ and special files

A

-r: recursively copy directories.
-l: Copy symbolic links as symbolic links.
-p: Preserve file permissions
-t: Preserve modification times
-g: Preserve group ownership
-o: Preserve owner (only if run as a superuser).
-D: Preserve device and special files.

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9
Q

(part of larger command)
Changes the ownership of the files to the specified user (ralph) and group (ralph) after they are transferred to the destination.

A

–chown=ralph:ralph

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10
Q

command to enable ufw

A

sudo ufw enable

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11
Q

command for deleting rules in ufw:

A

sudo ufw delete allow rulename

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12
Q

command to confirm NGINX is running

A

systemctl status nginx

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13
Q

command to enable the ufw ‘Nginx Full’, which allows HTTP and HTTPS traffic

A

sudo ufw enable ‘Nginx Full’

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14
Q

command to remove any redundant configuration

A

sudo ufw delete allow ‘redundant_config’

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15
Q

command to check ufw status

A

sudo ufw status

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16
Q

To remove any configuration from ufw we can use the command:

A

sudo ufw delete allow ‘rule_name’
Example:
sudo ufw delete allow ‘Nginx HTTP’

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17
Q

command to initialize certbot:

A

sudo certbot –nginx -d www.domainname.com -d domainname.com

(optionally you can use the -v command to debug issues if they arise)

NOTE: certbot now upgrades http to https by default (this is the desired behavior)

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18
Q

The a__ command is a package management tool in Ubuntu and other Debian-based Linux distributions

A

The apt command is a package management tool in Ubuntu and other Debian-based Linux distributions

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19
Q

command to install node:
command to install NPM:

A

sudo apt install nodejs
sudo apt install npm

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20
Q

command to install PM2
(a Production Process Manager for Node.js applications PM2 is going to make sure that our application is always running)

A

sudo npm install pm2@latest -g

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21
Q

test the nginx config file for typos with the command:

A

sudo nginx -t

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22
Q

An _ record maps a domain to the physical IP address of the computer hosting that domain.

A

An A record maps a domain to the physical IP address of the computer hosting that domain.

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23
Q

Internet traffic uses the _ record to find the computer hosting your domain’s DNS settings.

A

Internet traffic uses the A record to find the computer hosting your domain’s DNS settings.

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24
Q

The value of an _ record is always an IP address, and multiple _ records can be configured for one domain name.

A

The value of an A record is always an IP address, and multiple A records can be configured for one domain name.

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25
Q

restart Nginx so that it can pick up the new configuration with the command:

A

sudo systemctl reload nginx

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26
Q

This will allow us to automate the app process

A

Pm2 makes it easy to start/stop our app and even restarts it if the server crashes and restarts

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27
Q

command to tell pm2 to run whenever our server is up

A

pm2 startup systemd

28
Q

command for installing certbot:

A

sudo snap install certbot –classic

29
Q

A VPS can be thought of as being functionally equivalent to a dedicated p_____ s______ (although usually a lot cheaper)

A

A VPS can be thought of as being functionally equivalent to a dedicated physical server (although usually a lot cheaper)

30
Q

DigitalOcean Droplets are L____-based virtual machines (VMs) that run on top of virtualized h_____. Each Droplet you create is a new server you can use, either standalone or as part of a larger, cloud-based infrastructure.

A

DigitalOcean Droplets are Linux-based virtual machines (VMs) that run on top of virtualized hardware. Each Droplet you create is a new server you can use, either standalone or as part of a larger, cloud-based infrastructure.

31
Q

A V____ P_____ C_____ (VPC) is a private network interface for collections of DigitalOcean resources. VPC networks are inaccessible from the public internet and other VPC networks, and traffic on them doesn’t count against bandwidth usage

A

A Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is a private network interface for collections of DigitalOcean resources. VPC networks are inaccessible from the public internet and other VPC networks, and traffic on them doesn’t count against bandwidth usage

32
Q

VPC p____ing allows you to join two VPC networks with a secure, private connection.

A

VPC peering allows you to join two VPC networks with a secure, private connection.

33
Q

we can connect to a VPS via its __ address

A

we can connect to a VPS via its IP address

34
Q

we use a firewall to disable traffic to the server except for ___ (so we can still connect to is securely)

A

we use a firewall to disable traffic to the server except for ssh (so we can still connect to is securely)

35
Q

S_______s are on-demand Droplet and volume images. They’re useful to manually back up or reproducibly create Droplets.

A

Snapshots are on-demand Droplet and volume images. They’re useful to manually back up or reproducibly create Droplets.

36
Q

UFW stand for ____ Firewall

A

Uncomplicated Firewall

37
Q

the service allowing you to connect to your server that has a profile registered within UFW

A

OpenSSH

38
Q

Run the following command to get a list of all current available profiles (re: firewall):

A

ufw app list

39
Q

you can check your current UFW ruleset with the command:

A

sudo ufw status
or
sudo ufw status verbose

40
Q

To block all network connections that originate from a specific IP address, run the following command

A

sudo ufw deny from 203.0.113.100

41
Q

Once you have Nginx installed and enabled as a service, run the following command to identify which profiles are available

A

sudo ufw app list | grep Nginx

42
Q

The following command will allow both HTTP and HTTPS traffic on the server (ports 80 and 443):

A

sudo ufw allow “Nginx Full”

43
Q

PostgreSQL listens for client connections on port 5___

A

PostgreSQL listens for client connections on port 5432

44
Q

For more detailed information about each command parameter and available modifiers, you can use the __ utility to check UFW’s manual

A

the man utility
ufw man

45
Q

PM2 is a d_____ process manager widely used in production for Node.js applications

A

PM2 is a daemon process manager widely used in production for Node.js applications

46
Q

PM2 makes it possible to d____ize applications so that they will run in the background as a service.

A

PM2 makes it possible to daemonize applications so that they will run in the background as a service.

47
Q

It is possible to add multiple records for the same DNS entry, each pointing to a different IP address. This supports a load distribution and balancing strategy known as R____ R____ DNS.

A

It is possible to add multiple records for the same DNS entry, each pointing to a different IP address. This supports a load distribution and balancing strategy known as Round Robin DNS.

48
Q

An AAAA record, also called a Q___ A record, maps an IPv6 address to a domain name. This determines where to direct requests for a domain name in the same way that an A record does for IPv4 addresses.

A

An AAAA record, also called a Quad A record, maps an IPv6 address to a domain name. This determines where to direct requests for a domain name in the same way that an A record does for IPv4 addresses.

49
Q

A CNAME record defines an a___ for an A record and points one domain to another domain instead of an IP address

A

A CNAME record defines an alias for an A record and points one domain to another domain instead of an IP address

50
Q

S____ P____ F____ (SPF) records contain lists of email servers that are authorized to send email on behalf of your domain

A

Sender Policy Framework (SPF) records contain lists of email servers that are authorized to send email on behalf of your domain

51
Q

CAA records specify which c____ a_____s are permitted to issue certificates for a domain.

A

CAA records specify which certificate authorities are permitted to issue certificates for a domain.

52
Q

most domain owners make their web servers accessible through the bare domain (example.com) and also through the “h___” definition “www” (www.example.com).

A

most domain owners make their web servers accessible through the bare domain (example.com) and also through the “host” definition “www” (www.example.com).

53
Q

A z___ file is a simple text file that contains the mappings between domain names and IP addresses. This is how the DNS system finally finds out which IP address should be contacted when a user requests a certain domain name.

Z___ files reside in name servers and generally define the resources available under a specific domain, or the place that one can go to get that information.

A

A zone file is a simple text file that contains the mappings between domain names and IP addresses. This is how the DNS system finally finds out which IP address should be contacted when a user requests a certain domain name.

Zone files reside in name servers and generally define the resources available under a specific domain, or the place that one can go to get that information.

54
Q

Every domain that a name server knows about is stored in a z___ file

A

Every domain that a name server knows about is stored in a zone file

55
Q

The more z___ files that a name server has, the more requests it will be able to answer authoritatively.

A

The more zone files that a name server has, the more requests it will be able to answer authoritatively.

56
Q

The S___ of A____, or SOA, record is a mandatory record in all zone files

A

The Start of Authority, or SOA, record is a mandatory record in all zone files

57
Q

MX records are used to define the m____ ex_____s that are used for the domain. This helps email messages arrive at your mail server correctly.

A

MX records are used to define the mail exchanges that are used for the domain. This helps email messages arrive at your mail server correctly.

58
Q

The command line tool d__ with the -x flag can be used to look up the reverse DNS name of an IP address.

A

The command line tool dig with the -x flag can be used to look up the reverse DNS name of an IP address.

dig -x 8.8.4.4 +short
(The +short is appended to reduce the output to the reverse DNS name.)

59
Q

t____r____ is a simple tool to show the pathway to a remote server.

A

traceroute is a simple tool to show the pathway to a remote server.

traceroute google.com

60
Q

when using traceroute, the maximum number of hops can be adjusted with the -_ flag. If the host you are trying to route to is over 30 hops away, you may need to specify a larger value here. The maximum value you can set is 255.

A

traceroute -m 255 obiwan.scrye.net

61
Q

A dynamic alternative to the traceroute program is m__

A

A dynamic alternative to the traceroute program is mtr

Unlike traceroute, mtr is not installed by default on most systems. You can get it by typing the following commands.

Ubuntu / Debian:

sudo apt-get install mtr
62
Q

CAA records are used to specify which Certificate Authorities (CAs) are allowed to issue S../T.. certificates for your domain

A

CAA records are used to specify which Certificate Authorities (CAs) are allowed to issue SSL/TLS certificates for your domain

63
Q

__ is a utility for transferring and synchronizing files between a computer and a storage drive and across networked computers by comparing the modification times and sizes of files

A

rsync

64
Q

A “server b____” is a configuration section within a web server like Nginx that defines how to handle requests for a specific domain or group of domains, essentially allowing you to host multiple websites on a single server by specifying different settings and behaviors for each domain based on the incoming request’s domain name; in simpler terms, it’s like a virtual server within a server, enabling distinct configurations for different websites on the same machine.

A

A “server block” is a configuration section within a web server like Nginx that defines how to handle requests for a specific domain or group of domains, essentially allowing you to host multiple websites on a single server by specifying different settings and behaviors for each domain based on the incoming request’s domain name; in simpler terms, it’s like a virtual server within a server, enabling distinct configurations for different websites on the same machine.

65
Q

Let’s Encrypt is a C____ A_____ (CA) that provides an easy way to obtain and install free TLS/SSL certificates, thereby enabling encrypted _____ on web servers

A

Let’s Encrypt is a Certificate Authority (CA) that provides an easy way to obtain and install free TLS/SSL certificates, thereby enabling encrypted HTTPS on web servers

New Yorkshire (34 decks)

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