NGINX

Question 1

NGINX is a web server that focuses on high performance, high c_______y, and low resource usage. Although it’s mostly known as a web server, NGINX at its core is a reverse p______y s_______.

Answer 1

NGINX is a web server that focuses on high performance, high concurrency, and low resource usage. Although it’s mostly known as a web server, NGINX at its core is a reverse proxy server.

Question 2

In spite of the fact that Apache HTTP Server is more flexible, server admins often prefer NGINX for two main reasons:

It can handle a higher number of c________ requests.
It has faster static content d_____ with low r_____ u_____.

Answer 2

In spite of the fact that Apache HTTP Server is more flexible, server admins often prefer NGINX for two main reasons:

It can handle a higher number of concurrent requests.
It has faster static content delivery with low resource usage

Question 3

NGINX’s configuration files end with the .c___ extension

Answer 3

NGINX’s configuration files end with the .conf extension

Question 4

You can restart the NGINX service by executing the sudo s____ restart nginx command.

Answer 4

You can restart the NGINX service by executing the sudo systemctl restart nginx command.

Question 5

Technically, everything inside a NGINX configuration file is a d_____. D______s are of two types:

Simple D______s
Block D_______s

Answer 5

Technically, everything inside a NGINX configuration file is a directive. Directives are of two types:

Simple Directives
Block Directives

Question 6

When configured as a reverse proxy, NGINX sits b____ the client and a back end server. The client sends requests to NGINX, then NGINX passes the request to the back end.

Answer 6

When configured as a reverse proxy, NGINX sits between the client and a back end server. The client sends requests to NGINX, then NGINX passes the request to the back end.

Question 7

Nginx uses a common practice called symbolic links, or symlinks, to track which of your server b____s are enabled.

Answer 7

Nginx uses a common practice called symbolic links, or symlinks, to track which of your server blocks are enabled.

Question 8

Nginx uses a common practice called symbolic links, or s_____, to track which of your server blocks are enabled.

Answer 8

Nginx uses a common practice called symbolic links, or symlinks, to track which of your server blocks are enabled.

Question 9

don’t skip over the documentation at the top of the default file that explains how to use it! it explains that it’s standard to disable the default config, which you can do by removing the symbolic link of the same name from the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled folder, and leave the /sites-available/default config file for reference as various things maintain/update it.

Answer 9

don’t skip over the documentation at the top of the default file that explains how to use it! it explains that it’s standard to disable the default config, which you can do by removing the symbolic link of the same name from the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled folder, and leave the /sites-available/default config file for reference as various things maintain/update it.

Question 10

This environment variable automatically expands to the current user’s username

Answer 10

$USER: This environment variable automatically expands to the current user’s username

Question 11

In order for Nginx to serve this content, it’s necessary to create a server block with the correct d_______s

Answer 11

In order for Nginx to serve this content, it’s necessary to create a server block with the correct directives

Question 12

Instead of modifying the default configuration file directly, let’s make a new one with sudo nano /etc/nginx/s___s-a_______/your_domain

Answer 12

Instead of modifying the default configuration file directly, let’s make a new one at /etc/nginx/sites-available/your_domain

Question 13

Nginx uses a common practice called symbolic links, or symlinks, to track which of your server blocks are enabled. Creating a symlink is like creating a s______ on disk, so that you could later delete the s______ from the sites-enabled directory while keeping the server block in sites-available if you wanted to enable it.

Answer 13

Nginx uses a common practice called symbolic links, or symlinks, to track which of your server blocks are enabled. Creating a symlink is like creating a shortcut on disk, so that you could later delete the shortcut from the sites-enabled directory while keeping the server block in sites-available if you wanted to enable it.

Question 14

The listen directive can be set to:

An IP address/port combo.
A lone IP address which will then listen on the default port __.
A lone port which will listen to every interface on that port.
The path to a Unix s_____.

Answer 14

The listen directive can be set to:

An IP address/port combo.
A lone IP address which will then listen on the default port 80.
A lone port which will listen to every interface on that port.
The path to a Unix socket.

Question 15

The l______ directive can be set to:

An IP address/port combo.
A lone IP address which will then listen on the default port 80.
A lone port which will listen to every i______ on that port.
The p___ to a Unix socket.

Answer 15

The listen directive can be set to:

An IP address/port combo.
A lone IP address which will then listen on the default port 80.
A lone port which will listen to every interface on that port.
The path to a Unix socket.

Question 16

/etc/n____ The Nginx configuration directory. All of the Nginx configuration files reside here.

Answer 16

/etc/nginx: The Nginx configuration directory. All of the Nginx configuration files reside here.

Question 17

/etc/nginx/nginx.c____: The main Nginx configuration file. This can be modified to make changes to the Nginx global configuration.

Answer 17

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf: The main Nginx configuration file. This can be modified to make changes to the Nginx global configuration.

Question 18

/etc/nginx/s___s-a______/: The directory where per-site server blocks can be stored. Nginx will not use the configuration files found in this directory unless they are linked to the sites-enabled directory. Typically, all server block configuration is done in this directory, and then enabled by linking to the other directory.

Answer 18

/etc/nginx/sites-available/: The directory where per-site server blocks can be stored. Nginx will not use the configuration files found in this directory unless they are linked to the sites-enabled directory. Typically, all server block configuration is done in this directory, and then enabled by linking to the other directory.

Question 19

/etc/nginx/sites-e____ed/: The directory where enabled per-site server blocks are stored. Typically, these are created by linking to configuration files found in the sites-available directory.

Answer 19

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/: The directory where enabled per-site server blocks are stored. Typically, these are created by linking to configuration files found in the sites-available directory.

Question 20

/etc/nginx/s______s: This directory contains configuration fragments that can be included elsewhere in the Nginx configuration. Potentially repeatable configuration segments are good candidates for refactoring into snippets.

Answer 20

/etc/nginx/snippets: This directory contains configuration fragments that can be included elsewhere in the Nginx configuration. Potentially repeatable configuration segments are good candidates for refactoring into snippets.

Question 21

/var/log/nginx/a_____.log: Every request to your web server is recorded in this log file unless Nginx is configured to do otherwise.

Answer 21

/var/log/nginx/access.log: Every request to your web server is recorded in this log file unless Nginx is configured to do otherwise.

Question 22

/var/log/nginx/e____.log: Any Nginx errors will be recorded in this log.

Answer 22

/var/log/nginx/error.log: Any Nginx errors will be recorded in this log.

Question 23

command to have all commands recognized as root (elevate session to root)

Answer 23

sudo su -

Question 24

command to test and see configuration all at once

Answer 24

nginx -T

Question 25

command to view configure settings (without opening them)

Answer 25

view nginx.conf

Question 26

this directive defines groups of servers that can be referenced by other directives

Answer 26

upstream example {
  server a.example.com:8001
  server b.example.com:8002
}

Question 27

Where can logs be configured in NGINX configurations?

Answer 27

in the http, server, and location contexts
Logging configuration is not limited to the server context.

Question 28

Upstreams must be defined in the _____ context

Answer 28

Upstreams must be defined in the http context

Question 29

NGINX uses __ files to record various operational details like the date, time, and name of a file that was served. These ___s are useful for monitoring normal operation and tracking down issues if a problem occurs.

Answer 29

NGINX uses log files to record various operational details like the date, time, and name of a file that was served. These logs are useful for monitoring normal operation and tracking down issues if a problem occurs.

Question 30

Which directive is used to influence load balancing methods?

Answer 30

weight

least_conn is a load balancing method but does not affect other methods.

Question 31

What is the main difference between configuring a reverse proxy and a load balancer in NGINX?

Answer 31

the number of servers in the upstream used by a proxy_pass directive &
No additional logging is required for load balancers.

Question 32

What are location directive useful for?

Answer 32

1) configuring NGINX to process different requests in ways similar to server blocks without having to
create additional servers
2) extending an NGINX configuration based on the URI being processed by the server

Question 33

The upstream directive is one of the key components used to configure NGINX for proxying and load balancing. The upstream directive groups servers together, allowing other directives to reference all of the servers as a single unit

Answer 33

The upstream directive is one of the key components used to configure NGINX for proxying and load balancing. The upstream directive groups servers together, allowing other directives to reference all of the servers as a single unit

Question 34

The t.._f___s directive gives NGINX a list of files or directories to look for, relative to the location. The first file or directory that matches gets processed. If no items in the list match, then the last item in the list is used as a URI or an error code

Answer 34

The try_files directive gives NGINX a list of files or directories to look for, relative to the location. The first file or directory that matches gets processed. If no items in the list match, then the last item in the list is used as a URI or an error code