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VPI > VPI Clinical and Pharmacy Practice > Flashcards

VPI Clinical and Pharmacy Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Advice to give patients for preventing bites

A

Stay somewhere airconditions
Use Preventer nets on doors and beds
Try not to be outside from dusk to dawn
Loose-fitted trousers and long sleeve shirts
Use Insect repellent on skin and sleeping environments (DEET - Diethyltoluamide)

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2
Q

Malaria chemoprophylaxis: Casual and suppresive

A

Casual ( Targets liver stage 7 days to develope)

Suppressive prophulaxis: erythrocytic stage (4 weeks after continue)

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3
Q

Malaria chemophrophylaxis: Specific medicine + Side effects

A

Malarone (atovaquone + proguanil)

Works or eryhrocytic and prevents development of liver schizonts

SE: Headache, GI upset

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4
Q

Mefloquine (Lariam) : Side effects

A

Side effects: dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, depression

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5
Q

Doxycycline : MOA + Side effects

A

Prevents development of erythrocytic stages

SE:
Sunburn (light sensitive)
GI upset
TAKEN with food

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6
Q

Treating Malaria : Clinical presentation

A

Pro-dromal S: headache, muscular paionts

History of travel to an enemic area, Chills and fever cycle

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7
Q

Malaria febrile paroxysms three stages

A

1) Cold stage (last 1 hr)
2) Hot stage (last 6 hours)
3) Sweating stage

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8
Q

Treating Malaria : complications

A

If >2% RBCs infected -> Cerebral malria & black water fever

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9
Q

Cerebral malaria & black water fever S&S

A

Cerebral malaria: Coma and death body temp up

Black water fever: Dark urine, (only P.falc)

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10
Q

What is the burden of malaria?

A

1) Anaemia and low birth weight
2) lifelong effects childhood anaemia
3) persistant language deficits

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11
Q

What is a DALY

A

Disabililty-adjusted life years

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12
Q

What is YLL

A

Years of life lost due to premature mortalilty

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13
Q

What is YLD

A

Years lost due to disability (people living with health conditon & its consequences)

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14
Q

Malaria elimination stratergy (3)

A

1) aggresive control in malrai endemic areas
2) Progresive elimination from endemic margins
3) Research bring new tech

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15
Q

If p is < 0.0005

A

Signficant

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16
Q

FIxed cost

A

Running the intervetion

17
Q

Variable cost

A

Resources used treating patients : drugs

18
Q

Current Recommendations for HAART options in HIV + when to start threapy?

A

2 NRTIs (e.g Abacavir + Iamivudine Third drug)

Start therapy Early (simplicity of current regimens + mortalilty at higher CD4)

19
Q

Benefits of HAART

A

Prevention mother -> Child
Secondary prevention HIV Transmission
Increase or maintain CD4 nubmbers
Delays progresion to AIDS

20
Q

Limitations of HAART

A

non-adherence may cause resistance

21
Q

The role of indicator diseases + indicator disease e.g.

A

Indicator diseases are diseases that aren’t usually transmitted unless the patient is immunocomprimised

e.g. Any STI, Aspergiolloisis, Pneumonia, pyrexia

22
Q

HAART Side effects (short and long term)

A

Short term: N & V & D + headache

Long term: Dyslipidaemia, peripheral neuropath, diabetes, Bone mineral density

23
Q

When to change therapy & 2nd line therapies?

A

Side effects
Pregnacy
Drug interations

24
Q

Factors affecting medicines adherence?

A

Failure to acknowledge need and benefit of treatment
Stigmatism (fear HIV status)
Intolerance to Side effects
Complex regimes

25
Q

How to imrpove adherence;

A

Simpified drug regimens

26
Q

Management of HIV-related illnesses

A

E.g Tuberculosis

27
Q

Role of Post-exposure prophylaxis

A

Prophylaxis for transmission of HIV
Remove virus before systemic dissemination
(Zidovudine)

28
Q

Managment of TB in HIV

A

Treat TB immediately (rifampicin)

29
Q

Management of HIV in pregnancy

A

cART regimen + start second trimester

Reduce mothers viral load

Careful management of deilvery + avoid breastfeeding

30
Q

Current recommendations for OTC management of Varicella Zoster?

A

Chickepox Rash that turns
(Fluid filled blisters)
Treat with antiviral

31
Q

Current recommendations for OTC management of herpes simplex (shingels)

A

Infection of a nerve and area of skin around it
(caused bt dormant VZV from chicken pox)

Treatment: Antivrials + analgesia + keep clean

32
Q

Current recommendations for OTC management of HPV

A

HSV-1 Cold sores
Tingling -> fluid filled sores

Antiviral cream (Zovirax)
Cream applied as soon as tingling
33
Q

Current recommendations for OTC management of Viral UTIs

A

Common cold

No cure: Symptomatic treatments:

Ibuprofen, fluids

34
Q

Measles Epidemiology , Presentation + Diagnosis

A

Epidemiology: Transmission via respiratory

Presentation : Rash 3 days + fever 1 day

Diagnosis : lab confirmation

35
Q

Mumps Epi, Presentation

A

Asymptomatic or non-specific, distoriton of mouth and neck

36
Q

Rubella Epi, presentation, Diagnosi,

A

Epi : Togavirus

Presentation: fever, malaise, rash on face and neck

Diagnosis: Rubella-specific IgM in saliva

37
Q

Management of

i) Measels
ii) Mumps
iii) Rubella

A

i) symptomatic relief
ii) symptomatic relief
iii) Antipyretics (not near pregnant women)

38
Q

CRS (congenital rubella syndrom)

A

Causes Miscarriage,

Cataracs
Deafness
Cardiac abnormalities

VPI (7 decks)

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