Vowels part one

Question 1

Semi-vowels

Answer 1

Are produced without much constriction in a vocal tract but occur at the onset of consonants (j and w)

Question 2

Examples of semi-vowels

Answer 2

j and w

Question 3

What is F1 and F2?

Answer 3

They are formats.

Format frequencies have acoustic energy around a particular frequency in a speech wave.

Question 4

What happens with F1?

Answer 4

The exact frequency of F1 will change

based on the shape of the trachea.

Question 5

What happens with F2?

Answer 5

The exact frequency of F2 will change

based on the shape of the oral cavity.

Question 6

What vowel is high in F1 but low in F2?

Answer 6

[a]

Question 7

Cardinal vowel

Answer 7

A cardinal vowel is avowelsound produced when thetongueis in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low.

Question 8

What is a format?

Answer 8

Formants occur at roughly 1000Hz intervals. Each formant corresponds to a resonance in the vocal tract.

Question 9

What is fronting and backing?

Answer 9

The tongue movement going either forward or backwards when producing a diphthong.

Question 10

What is centring?

Answer 10

When the vowel directs towards the centre of the mouth

Question 11

Give words that are examples of centring:

Answer 11

• SQUARE
• NEAR
• CURE

Question 12

What is narrow and wide in vowels?

Answer 12

Narrow: Not much difference between the the vowels used
Wide: a lot of distance between the vowels used.

Question 13

When did the Great Vowel shift occur?

Answer 13

1400-1700

Question 14

What is the great vowel shift?

Answer 14

Where there was a change in the way vowels were pronounced.

Question 15

Give an example of a shift of vowels:

Answer 15

Meet:
1400s: /e:/
1500s-1900s: /i:/

Question 16

Theorist for chain shift:

Answer 16

Robert

Question 17

Chain shift:

Answer 17

When the change in pronunciation in one sound is linked to the change in other sounds.

Question 18

What is a push chain?

Answer 18

When one vowel moves to the next space, with the patterning continuing. ( /ae/ moving to /ɛ/ )

Question 19

Example of push chain:

Answer 19

/ae/ moving to /ɛ/

Question 20

What is a pull chain?

Answer 20

When the head of a chain moves away. This triggers the next vowel to move up into the empty space.

Question 21

What ways can vowels move then? Give 2 examples:

Answer 21

• Chain shifts

- Vowel Weakening

Question 22

What is vowel weakening? Give an example:

Answer 22

A change in the acoustic of a vowel:

• Loudness
• Duration
• Stress

Question 23

What vowel is high in F2 but low in F1?

Answer 23

[i]