Volume Regulation : Blood Pressure And Kidneys

Question 1

What is osmoregulation

Answer 1

Regulation of the amount of water in the body to maintain constant ECF osmolarity

Question 2

What is volume regulation

Answer 2

Regulation of blood volume and pressure to ensure effective circulating volume p

Question 3

When salt and water is added to the ecf how does this affect it

Answer 3

• salt wand water is retained inside.p
  -no osmotic gradient into ICF
• ecf expands

Question 4

How is blood volume linked to blood pressure

Answer 4

-increases ecf volume
Starling forces of capillary changes
-increased venous return to the heart
-increased filling
Increased stretch of the heart leads t
-increased cardiac output
-increased blood pressure

Question 5

How is ECF volume detected

Answer 5

-arterial baroreceptors
-arterial stretch stretch receptors
-afferent arteriole
-sodium chloride to DT

Question 6

What activates RAAS

Answer 6

Reduced renal profusion
Increased sympathetic activity

Question 7

Effect of aldosterone

Answer 7

-increasing enac channels
-increases na/k atpase
Resulting in increase in potassium secretion and sodium reabsorption
Acts on intercalated cells of collecting duct by increasing hydrogen ion secretion and increased HCO3- reabsorption

Question 8

What is pressure natriuresis

Answer 8

When bp increases so does renal artery pressure the kidney responds by increasing sodium excretion

Question 9

When is hypertension present

Answer 9

When systolic is more than 140 mmHg and or diastolic more than 90mmHg

Question 10

What is liddles syndrome

Answer 10

Rare genetic disease , mutation in the genes that encodes for protein involved in regulation of sodium channels , mutation in epithelial sodium channel (eNac)

Increase in renal sodium retention
Increase in blood pressure
Increase in ecvf
Low renin
Low aldosterone

Question 11

Conns syndrome

Answer 11

Due to adenoma of adrenal gland
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Increased renal sodium retention
Increased blood pressure
Increased ecvf
Low renin
High aldosterone
Low plasma potassium concentration

Question 12

What is renal artery stenosis

Answer 12

Abnormal Narrowing of blood vessels
Reduced stenotic kidney
Increased renin which leads to angiotensin 2 which leads to vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
This increases sodium retention and high blood pressure

Question 13

Addisons disease

Answer 13

-progressive failure of adrenal cortex
-insufficient cortisol
Insufficient aldosterone
This leads to hypertension , hypovolomia , hyperkalaemia,hyponatremia